Unit 11 Vocab Flashcards
Mental quality consists of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Intelligence
A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
Intelligence test
According to Spearman and other underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
General intelligence
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; is used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.
Factor Analysis
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
Savant syndrome
In psychology, it is a passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.
Grit
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Emotional intelligence
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
Mental age
The widely used American revision (by Terman at Standford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
Standford-Binet
Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance of a given age is assigned a score of 100, with scores assigned to relative performance above or below average.
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
A test designed to assess what a person has learned
Achievement test
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
Aptitude test
Most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Standardization
The symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
Normal curve
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scoring on two halves of the test, on an alternate form of the test, or on retesting
Reliability
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.
Content validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
Predictive validity
A group of people from a given time period
Cohort
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
Crystallized intelligence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.
Fluid intelligence
A condition of limited mental ability; indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life.
Intellectual disability
A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Down syndrome
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. the heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of population and environments studied.
Heritability
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Stereotype threat
