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AP Psych > Pg 4-6 > Flashcards

Pg 4-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

the endocrine systems’ most influential gland, under the influence of the hypothalamus, this regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

an amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweeps across the brain’s surface, these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the skull

A

EEG

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3
Q

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a certain task

A

PET

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4
Q

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a computer generated image that distinguishes between the types of soft tissue in the brain

A

MRI

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5
Q

connected to the base of the brain stem, controls our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing

A

Medulla

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6
Q

screens incoming info, and filters out irrelevant info, controls arousal and attention

A

Reticular Formation

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7
Q

the brains sensory switchboard

A

Thalamus

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8
Q

above the medulla, makes chemical involved w/ sleep and facial expressions

A

Pons

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9
Q

the little brain attached to the rear of the brain stem, controls coordination, fire muscles movements and balance

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

associated with emotions like aggression and fear and drives such as hunger, thirst, and sex (Hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala)

A

Limbic system

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11
Q

part of the limbic system that is involved in emotions, aggression, and fear

A

Amygdala

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12
Q

controls the metabolic functions of body temp., sex arousal, hunger, thirst, motivation/emotions, and the endocrine system –> the 4 f’s

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory

A

Hippocampus

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14
Q

at side of brain above ears invloved in memory, perception, hearing

A

Temporal Lobe

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15
Q

lower back part of brain involved with processing visual info –> vision

A

Occipital Lobe

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16
Q

top of brain, discriminates between textures and shapes

A

Peripheral Lobe

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17
Q

located under forehead, involved with complex cognitive functions

A

Frontal Lobe

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18
Q

studied the effects of stimulation on the motor cortex

A

William Penfield

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19
Q

first lobotomy after a rod goes through his head; gives psych info on part of brain involved w/ emotions and reasoning

A

Phineasa Gage

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20
Q

Directs muscle movements involved with speech

A

Broca’s Area

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21
Q

involved in language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area

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22
Q

brain’s ability to modify itself after some kind of injury/illness

A

Plasticity

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23
Q

corpus callosum cut, not allowing info to travel to other side of brain

A

Split Brain

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24
Q

Responsible for higher thinking function, connects two side of brain

A

Corpus Callosum

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25
Q

logical, sequential tasks, solving math problems, verbal –> logical

A

Left hemisphere

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26
Q

Facial recognition, puzzle solver, emotional, artistic –> creative

A

Right Hemisphere

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27
Q

recieves info from skin surface and sense organs

A

sensory cortex

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28
Q

controls voluntary movements, on opposite side of body

A

motor cortex

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29
Q

lower brain, located at rear base of skull, responsible for reflective or automatic behaviors.

A

Hindbrain

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30
Q

Largest part of brain that controls what we think of as thoughts and reasons

A

Forebrain

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31
Q

located above Pons, integrates and relay sensory info to main part of brain

A

Midbrain

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32
Q

this occurs when positive ions enter the neuron, making it susceptible to fire an action potential

A

Depolarization

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33
Q

After a neuron has fired an action potential, it pauses for a short period to recharge, until it will fire again

A

Refractory period

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34
Q

the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

A

Threshold

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35
Q

a neural impulse that travels down the axon –> domino effect

A

Action potential

36
Q

when the depolarized current exceeds the threshold of a neuron, it will fire unless it’s below, causing it not to fire

A

all-or-none

37
Q

neurotransmitters that can’t find an area across the synapse to attach will be reabsorbed by the sending neurons

A

reuptake

38
Q

activates motor neurons and skeletal muscles, too little = Alzheimer’s

A

Acetylcholine

39
Q

contributes to voluntary movements and pleasurable emotions, lack of it causes Parkinson’s as too much causes schizophrenia.

A

Dopamine

40
Q

natural pain killers created by brain, promotes pain relief, like morphine

A

Endorphins

41
Q

involved in mood, regulation of sleep, appetite, and body temp, to little leads to depression as too much contributes to OCD and mania

A

Serotonin

42
Q

affects memory, learning, and contribute to changes in mood, undersupply leads to depression

A

Norepinephrine

43
Q

info processes guided by higher level mental processes, recognizing face & T/-\E C/-\T (I read ‘the cat’ no thinking)

A

Top-down processing

44
Q

analysis of the stimulus begins w/ the sense receptor and works up to brain, /-\ (I see something, oh it’s an A)

A

bottom-up processing

45
Q

minimum difference between two stimulus required for detection 50% of the time

A

JND

46
Q

Smelling

A

Olfaction

47
Q

focus of attention on selected aspects of the environment and block out the rest

A

Cocktail party phenomenon

48
Q

comparing the information from each eyeball, the greater difference

A

Retinal disparity

49
Q

the conversation of one form of energy into another, translates the incoming stimuli into a neural singal

A

transduction

50
Q

process visual info into neural impulses

A

retina

51
Q

protects and bends incoming light rays/ focus

A

cornea

52
Q

focus light rays on the retina (accommodation)

A

lens

53
Q

controls the pupil’s size

A

iris

54
Q

central point (only cones) and see color

A

foves

55
Q

adjusts opening to let in light

A

pupil

56
Q

point at which there are no rods/cones

A

Blind spot

57
Q

carries neural impulse to the brain

A

optic nerve

58
Q

detect black, white, and gray (peripheral and night vision)

A

rods

59
Q

detect color (l=fine detail) (mainly located in fovea)

A

Cones

60
Q

the processing of several aspects of a problem, simultaneously

A

parallel processing

61
Q

we have three types of cones in the retina: red, blue, green: we get other colors by mixing and lightening/darkening colors

A

Young-Helmholtz theory

62
Q

the sensory receptors arranged in the retina come in pairs: red/green, yellow/blue, and black/white

A

Opponent Process Theory

63
Q

the firing of the cones used after viewing something steadily

A

afterimage

64
Q

process to tell if a baby has a sense of depth

A

visual cliff

65
Q

loudness, measure in decibels

A

intensity

66
Q

the pitch, a tone’s highness/lowness

A

frequency

67
Q

sound waves collected
Source –> Ear canal –> eardrum (thin membrane that vibrates when hit)

A

outer ear

68
Q

Transmits and amplifies the vibration
Hammer –> Anvil –> Stirrup –> Oval window

A

Middle ear

69
Q

Change to neural impulse
Cochlea (snail shaped membrane filled w/ fluid that changes vibration to an electric symbol) –> Auditory Nerve –> Brain

A

Inner ear

70
Q

If one sense is deprived, another will become stronger, ie. –> blind people have very good hearing

A

Sensory deprivation

71
Q

after a while of constant stimulation, will stop detecting sense, ie. –> watch or bandage

A

sensory adaption

72
Q

sense of body position and movement, balance

A

vestibular sense

73
Q

a mental predisposition to see one thing rather than another

A

perpectual set

74
Q

an organized whole, put all individual pieces together to get a big picure

A

gestalt

75
Q

objects that are close together are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group

A

Proximity

76
Q

objects that are similar in appearance are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group

A

Similarity

77
Q

objects that form a continuous form are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group

A

continuity

78
Q

objects that make up recognizable imagine are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group

A

closure

79
Q

objects with similar size, shape and brightness are considered a set

A

constancy

80
Q

gain ability to think about the way you think –> self-evaluation

A

metacognition

81
Q

founder of classical conditioning while trying to study digestive system

A

Isaac Pavlov

82
Q

Learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli

A

Classical Conditioning

83
Q

stimuli that does not trigger a response

A

NS

84
Q

stimuli that automatically triggers a response

A

UCS

85
Q

an unlearned, natural response to the UCS

A

UCR

86
Q

after association with the UCS, elicits a certain response

A

CS

87
Q

the learned response to a previously neutral response

A

CR

AP Psych (12 decks)

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