pg 13-15 Flashcards
if a problem occurs in one stage, similar problems may come up later in life
i.e.-> smoking is one, due to a lack of pleasure in oral stage.
Fixation
judging the likelihood of things in term of how well them seem to represent/match particular prototype
i.e. -> a short, slim, poetry reading man is an ivy league professor, not a truck driver.
representative heuristics
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory i.e. -> after a horrifying house fire, a person will think that a house fire is more common than a tornado hitting house, even if they live in a tornado valley because they can remember the house fire.
Available Heurisitcs
the inability to see the different uses of an object
i.e -> a paper clip’s only use is to clip papers
Functional Fixedness
the best time to learn a language is during childhood, kids are sponges and able to absorb the language better than in high school.
Noam Chomsky
Linguistic determination, language determines the way we think
Benjamin Whorf
the stage of speech development in which an infant utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household’s language
babbling stage
the stage of speech development during which a child speaks mostly in single words, from age 1 to 2.
one-word stage
beginning at age 2, child speaks mostly in two word statements
two-word stage
early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs, omitting auxiliary words.
Telegraphic stage
an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
personality
hard-driving, aggressive, anger-prone, people
Type A
easygoing,relaxed people
Type B
unscripted, uncensored talking, which is supposed to provide clues to the unconscious parts of the mind
Free association
contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives for basic sexual and aggressive drives, immediate gratification (devil)
Id
id operates on this - strives for pleasure, at all costs
Pleasure Principle
the largest conscious, executive part of the personality that mediates between the demands of the id, superego, and reality
Ego
the ego operates on this - you can’t always get what you want, realistically
Reality principle
the part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standard judgement and for future aspirations (angel)
Superego
go’s a productive method of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Defense Mechanisms
pushing bad thoughts to back of the mind, forgetting
Repression
refusing to accept reality, so say it didn’t really happen
Denial
taking your anger out on someone else
displacement
