pgs 10-12 Flashcards
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
Psychoactive drugs
Type: Stimulant
Cocaine/dopamine
Cocaine
Type: depressant
GABA/glutamate/alcohol tranquilizers
Alcohol
Type: Hallucinogen
LSD/serotonin
LSD
Type: Hallucinogen
Dopamine/THC/anandamine
Marijuana
Type: Hallucinogen
Ecstasy/serotonin
Ecstasy
The diminishing effects with regular use of the same dose of a drug
Tolerance
The discomfort and distress that follows discontinuing the use of an addictive drug, usually cause a person to go back on drug
Withdrawal
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Stimulants
drug that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Depressants
A depressant ALWAYS, no matter the amount taken (will be on AP test)
Alcohol
Psychedelic drug that distorts perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of a sensory input
Hallucinogens
Opium and its derivatives, the depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Opiates
A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Temperament
the proportion of variation among individual that can attribute to genes
Heritability
Enduring behaviors, ideas, values, attitudes, and traditions shared by a grp
Culture
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
Norm
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification
Individualism
giving priority to the goals of one’s goals and defining personal id as so
Collectivism
proposes that general intelligence is linked to many cluster that can be analyzed by factor analysis (he made up factor analysis)
Spearman
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters on related items on a test
Factor analysis
wanted to broaden definition of intelligence, created 8 types of intelligence
Gardner
created his three types of intelligences
Sternberg
published first useful test of general mental ability; broke kids up into ‘bright’ and ‘dull’ by how compared with both their chronological age and mental age
Binet
made Binet’s test Americanized
Terman
WAIS - study personal strengths and weaknesses in 11 different subjects
Wechsler
Mental age/Chronological age x 100
IQ formula
designed to determine what an individual had learned
Achievement test
designed to predict one’s capacity to learn in the future
Aptitude test
test has multiple possible answers (words that begin with s)
divergent thinking
test only has one correct answer (2+2=?)
Covergent thinking
the debate of whether you are shaped by envir. or genes
Nature vs. Nuture
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children cause by a pregnant women’s heavy drinking
FAS - fetal alcohol syndrome
when touched on the cheek, the baby will turn its head and seek a nip (haha funny)
rooting reflex
when startles, baby flings limb out and slowly retract them
Moro reflex
when a baby’s foot is stroked, they will spread their toes
babinski reflex
when an object is placed into baby’s mouth, the infant will suck on it
sucking reflex
if an object is placed in baby’s palm, the baby will try to grasp it
grasping reflex
ones accumulates knowledge and verbal skills, increasing with age
crystallized intelligence
created the Harlow’s monkey experiment, raise baby monkeys w/ a wire mother and a bottle vs a terry cloth mother, most monkeys like food rather than the mother
Harry Harlow
studied how different attachment styles affected kids
Mary Ainsworth
confidently explore the novel envir. while parents are present, are distressed when they leave, and come to parents and will explore the novel
Secure attachment
may resist being held by parents and will explore the novel envir. They do not got to parents for comfort afterwards.
Avoidant attachment
have ambivalent reactions to parents, they may show extreme stress when parents leave, but when they return resist comfort
anxious attachment
set strict standards and apply punishment for violations (hard bed/ my fricken parents)
Authoritarian
do not set clear guidelines for kids and randomly enforce rules (soft bed)
Permissive
have set standards, but able to explain them with kids when broken, encourage independence, but not too strict on punishments (just right bed)
Authoritative
birth to one year, infancy - if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
Trust v Mistrust
age 1 to 2 - learn to excessive will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities
Autonomy v shame/doubt
age 3-5, preschoolers - learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or thy feel guilty about efforts to be independent
Initiative v guilt
age 6 to puberty -learn the pleasures of applying themselves to take, or they feel inferior
industry v inferiority
teen years the to early 20s - struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel isolated
intimacy v isolation
40s to 60s - people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they feel a lack of purpose for their life.
integrity v despair
birth to 2 years, experience world through senses and actions, learn object permanence and stranger anxiety
Sensorimotor
2 to 6 years, representing things with words rather than images, use intuitive rather than logical thinking, very egocentric
Preoperational
ages 7-11, think logically about concrete events, grasp concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations, learn conservation
concrete operational
12 and up, begin to think abstractly, understand abstract logical and potential for nature moral reasoning
formal operational
infant seeks pleasure through their mouths
oral
toilet training, pleasure in controlling body
anal
realize their gender, love mother, hate father
phallic
repress sexual urges to work w/ everyone
latency
pleasure in genitals and sex lasts for rest of life
genitals
boys fear father will castrate them bc of their love for mom
oedipus complex
girls fear mother will castrate them bc of their love for father
electra complex
obey in order to avoid punishment or get a reward
preconventional
care for other and uphold laws and social rules simply bc they are laws
coventional
affirm peoples agreed-upon rights or follow what one personally perceives as correct or ethically ok
Postconventional
