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histology > unit 11 > Flashcards

unit 11 Flashcards

1
Q

mucosa of the oral cavity

A

masticatory (gingiva and hard palate)
lining ( lips, cheeks, oral floor, ventral tongue, soft palate)
specialized (dorsal tongue - papillae and taste buds)

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2
Q

what is parakeratinized epithelium

A

transition between keratinized and nonkeratinized
you still see the presence of nuclei with keratin filament

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3
Q

masticatory mucosa

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria invested CT papillae
NO muscular mucosae

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4
Q

what is deep to the mucosa in the masticatory mucosa

A

lamina propria often fused to the underlying periosteum
fatty or glandular submucosa may be present

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5
Q

lining mucosa

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
shallow CT papillae (lamina propria)
NO muscular mucosae

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6
Q

deep to the lining mucosa

A

densely arranged CT with elastic fibers
serous and mucous minor salivary glands
skeletal muscle of orbicularis oris and buccinator

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7
Q

specialized mucosa

A

associated with the sensation of taste via papillae and taste buds of the dorsal surface of the tongue (filiform, fungiform, vallate, foliate)
nonkeratinized or keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

filiform papillae

A

most common with a wide distribution
conical/thread-like
highly keratinized without taste buds
mechanical sweeping that distributes tastents across tongue surface

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9
Q

vallate papillae

A

V-shaped row anterior to sulcus terminalis
large fungiform-shaped, surrounded by a trough of serous glands for flushing
numerous taste buds per papillae

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10
Q

fungiform papillae

A

grouped along tip of tongue
rounded, mushroom shaped
apical taste buds

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11
Q

foliate papillae

A

grouped along lateral dorsal folds of mucosa
column-shaped, rows
lateral taste buds, along cleft

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12
Q

what makes up the anatomical crown of teeth?

A

enamel (Ca crystal comp, lacks collagen!)
dentin (calcified CT)
pulp cavity (loose CT and neurovasculature)

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13
Q

what are the primary cells associated with dentin

A

odontoblasts - produce dentin
odontoclasts - remove dentin

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14
Q

what makes up the anatomical root of a tooth?

A

cementum (calcified CT, covers root)
dentin (calcified CT)
root canal (extension of the pulp cavity)

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15
Q

mucosa of the oropharynx

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
NO muscular mucosa

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16
Q

lamina propria of oropharynx

A

abundant elastic fibers and mucous glands
tonsillar lymphatic tissue (palatine and lingual)

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17
Q

what is deep to the oropharynx mucosa

A

pharyngeal constrictor

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18
Q

what is the common tubular alimentary architecture

A

mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)
submucosa
muscular externa
adventitia or serosa

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19
Q

proximal 1/3rd of voluntary esophagus

A

stratified squamous
lamina propria (esophageal cardiac glands)
muscular externa (skeletal muscle)
adventitia

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20
Q

distal 1/3rd of involuntary esophagus

A

stratified squamous
lamina propria (esophageal cardiac glands)
muscular mucosa (longitudinal SM)
submucosa (dense CT, sub mucosa plexus, esophageal glands)
muscular externa (SM, inner/outer, myenteric plexus)
adventitia (fibrous CT)

21
Q

only the distal 2 cm of abdominal esophagus contain what

A

serosa
serous mesothelium, continuous with abdominal mesentery

22
Q

what is the enteric nervous system

A

two interconnection nerve plexus of the alimentary canal, influenced by sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

23
Q

what are the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system

A

submucous plexus (secretion, micro motility, vasomotor, inflammation, immunomodulation)
myenteric plexus (motility)

24
Q

mucosa of the stomach

A

simple columnar epithelium
lamina propria (network of collagen and elastic)
muscular mucosa (inner circular and outer longitudinal)

25
Q

other layers of the stomach

A

submucosa (dense CT forming rugae, blood, lymphatics, submucosa plexus)
muscular externa (inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal, myenteric plexus, pyloric sphincter)
serosa (serous mesothelium, continuous with abdominal mesentery)

26
Q

gastric gland distribution

A

gland length and shape vary markedly due to common disease states

27
Q

gastric cardiac glands

A

primary mucous cells
short pits, simple or branched tubular glands)

28
Q

gastric fundic gland

A

principle glands of stomach - secrete a majority of the digestive enzymes
2-7 glands empty into one pit
short pits, straight tubular glands

29
Q

cells of the gastric fundic glands

A

parietal cells - pale staining, secrete HCL
chief cells - hematoxylin staining, secrete pepsinogen

30
Q

gastric pyloric glands

A

primary mucous cells
long pits, branched glands with extensive terminal coiling

31
Q

small intestine mucosa

A

simple columnar cells (enterocytes) with microvilli and goblet cells
lamina propria (GALT/peyer’s patches, lacteals)
muscularis mucosa (SM, inner circ/outer long)

32
Q

other layers of small intestine

A

submucosa (dense CT forming plica circulares, submucosa plexus, Brunner’s duodenal glands)
muscular externa (inner circ/outer long, myenteric plexus)
serosa (serous mesothelium)

33
Q

plica circulares

A

luminal ridges formed by dense CT organization

34
Q

intestinal villi

A

luminal projections formed by loose CT organization of lamina propria
lined by continuous columnar epithelium

35
Q

enterocytes

A

microvilli forming a brush border

36
Q

villi - lacteals

A

intestinal lymphatic capillaries lined by simple squamous epithelium
absorbs large lipoproteins forming chyle
on more apical and lateral aspect of villi

37
Q

crypts of lieberkuhn

A

continuation of simple columnar epithelium at villus base
progenitor cell population at base of each crypt
ducts of intestinal glands

38
Q

microvilli

A

striated/brush border
active transporters for nutrient absorption
glycocalyx rich in disaccharidases and peptidases

39
Q

how is selective permeability maintained

A

via zonala occludens, ensures things have to go through the cell and not around

40
Q

what epithelial cell junctions are on the lateral domain of the cell

A

zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens

41
Q

what epithelial cell junctions are on the basilar surface of the cell

A

hemidesmosomes, focal adhesion

42
Q

cells present in the jejunum

A

goblet (lots), paneth, enteroendocrine, intraepithelial lymphocytes, plasma, microfold

43
Q

cells present in ileum

A

goblet and paneth (increase distally), enteroendocrine, intraepithelial lymphocytes, plasma, microfold

44
Q

large intestine mucosa

A

simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells
lamina propria (GALT)
muscular mucosa (inner circ/outer long)

45
Q

large intestine layers

A

submucosa (dense CT, submucosa plexus)
muscularis externa
adventitia/serosa (fibrous CT, serous mesothelium)

46
Q

muscularis externa of large intestine

A

discontinuous inner circular, invaginated by outer longitudinal layer of variable thickness
teniae coli - condensed outer long layer
hausfrau coli - sacculation
myenteric plexus

47
Q

appendix

A
48
Q

rectum/anal canal

A

histology (15 decks)

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