unit 11 Flashcards
mucosa of the oral cavity
masticatory (gingiva and hard palate)
lining ( lips, cheeks, oral floor, ventral tongue, soft palate)
specialized (dorsal tongue - papillae and taste buds)
what is parakeratinized epithelium
transition between keratinized and nonkeratinized
you still see the presence of nuclei with keratin filament
masticatory mucosa
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria invested CT papillae
NO muscular mucosae
what is deep to the mucosa in the masticatory mucosa
lamina propria often fused to the underlying periosteum
fatty or glandular submucosa may be present
lining mucosa
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
shallow CT papillae (lamina propria)
NO muscular mucosae
deep to the lining mucosa
densely arranged CT with elastic fibers
serous and mucous minor salivary glands
skeletal muscle of orbicularis oris and buccinator
specialized mucosa
associated with the sensation of taste via papillae and taste buds of the dorsal surface of the tongue (filiform, fungiform, vallate, foliate)
nonkeratinized or keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
filiform papillae
most common with a wide distribution
conical/thread-like
highly keratinized without taste buds
mechanical sweeping that distributes tastents across tongue surface
vallate papillae
V-shaped row anterior to sulcus terminalis
large fungiform-shaped, surrounded by a trough of serous glands for flushing
numerous taste buds per papillae
fungiform papillae
grouped along tip of tongue
rounded, mushroom shaped
apical taste buds
foliate papillae
grouped along lateral dorsal folds of mucosa
column-shaped, rows
lateral taste buds, along cleft
what makes up the anatomical crown of teeth?
enamel (Ca crystal comp, lacks collagen!)
dentin (calcified CT)
pulp cavity (loose CT and neurovasculature)
what are the primary cells associated with dentin
odontoblasts - produce dentin
odontoclasts - remove dentin
what makes up the anatomical root of a tooth?
cementum (calcified CT, covers root)
dentin (calcified CT)
root canal (extension of the pulp cavity)
mucosa of the oropharynx
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
NO muscular mucosa
lamina propria of oropharynx
abundant elastic fibers and mucous glands
tonsillar lymphatic tissue (palatine and lingual)
what is deep to the oropharynx mucosa
pharyngeal constrictor
what is the common tubular alimentary architecture
mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)
submucosa
muscular externa
adventitia or serosa
proximal 1/3rd of voluntary esophagus
stratified squamous
lamina propria (esophageal cardiac glands)
muscular externa (skeletal muscle)
adventitia
distal 1/3rd of involuntary esophagus
stratified squamous
lamina propria (esophageal cardiac glands)
muscular mucosa (longitudinal SM)
submucosa (dense CT, sub mucosa plexus, esophageal glands)
muscular externa (SM, inner/outer, myenteric plexus)
adventitia (fibrous CT)
only the distal 2 cm of abdominal esophagus contain what
serosa
serous mesothelium, continuous with abdominal mesentery
what is the enteric nervous system
two interconnection nerve plexus of the alimentary canal, influenced by sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
what are the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system
submucous plexus (secretion, micro motility, vasomotor, inflammation, immunomodulation)
myenteric plexus (motility)
mucosa of the stomach
simple columnar epithelium
lamina propria (network of collagen and elastic)
muscular mucosa (inner circular and outer longitudinal)
other layers of the stomach
submucosa (dense CT forming rugae, blood, lymphatics, submucosa plexus)
muscular externa (inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal, myenteric plexus, pyloric sphincter)
serosa (serous mesothelium, continuous with abdominal mesentery)
gastric gland distribution
gland length and shape vary markedly due to common disease states
gastric cardiac glands
primary mucous cells
short pits, simple or branched tubular glands)
gastric fundic gland
principle glands of stomach - secrete a majority of the digestive enzymes
2-7 glands empty into one pit
short pits, straight tubular glands
cells of the gastric fundic glands
parietal cells - pale staining, secrete HCL
chief cells - hematoxylin staining, secrete pepsinogen
gastric pyloric glands
primary mucous cells
long pits, branched glands with extensive terminal coiling
small intestine mucosa
simple columnar cells (enterocytes) with microvilli and goblet cells
lamina propria (GALT/peyer’s patches, lacteals)
muscularis mucosa (SM, inner circ/outer long)
other layers of small intestine
submucosa (dense CT forming plica circulares, submucosa plexus, Brunner’s duodenal glands)
muscular externa (inner circ/outer long, myenteric plexus)
serosa (serous mesothelium)
plica circulares
luminal ridges formed by dense CT organization
intestinal villi
luminal projections formed by loose CT organization of lamina propria
lined by continuous columnar epithelium
enterocytes
microvilli forming a brush border
villi - lacteals
intestinal lymphatic capillaries lined by simple squamous epithelium
absorbs large lipoproteins forming chyle
on more apical and lateral aspect of villi
crypts of lieberkuhn
continuation of simple columnar epithelium at villus base
progenitor cell population at base of each crypt
ducts of intestinal glands
microvilli
striated/brush border
active transporters for nutrient absorption
glycocalyx rich in disaccharidases and peptidases
how is selective permeability maintained
via zonala occludens, ensures things have to go through the cell and not around
what epithelial cell junctions are on the lateral domain of the cell
zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens
what epithelial cell junctions are on the basilar surface of the cell
hemidesmosomes, focal adhesion
cells present in the jejunum
goblet (lots), paneth, enteroendocrine, intraepithelial lymphocytes, plasma, microfold
cells present in ileum
goblet and paneth (increase distally), enteroendocrine, intraepithelial lymphocytes, plasma, microfold
large intestine mucosa
simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells
lamina propria (GALT)
muscular mucosa (inner circ/outer long)
large intestine layers
submucosa (dense CT, submucosa plexus)
muscularis externa
adventitia/serosa (fibrous CT, serous mesothelium)
muscularis externa of large intestine
discontinuous inner circular, invaginated by outer longitudinal layer of variable thickness
teniae coli - condensed outer long layer
hausfrau coli - sacculation
myenteric plexus
appendix
rectum/anal canal
