unit 10 Flashcards
what is the nephron? what does it do?
functional unit of the kidney
renal corpuscle + renal tubule
produces urines
what is the renal corpuscle?
glomerulus + bowman’s capsule
what is the renal tubule
proximal convoluted tubule
proximal straight tubule
thin limb of loop of Henle
distal straight tubule
distal convoluted tubule
what is the collecting system
connecting tubule
collecting duct
papillary duct
what is the nephrovascular unit
nephron and associated vasculature
what are the kidneys covered by?
a connective tissue capsule composed of two layer: outer and inner
outer layer of renal capsule
dense, irregular connective tissue with abundant collagen fiber and fibroblasts
inner layer of renal capsule
cellular layer with myofibroblasts and some collagen fiber
what does the renal cortex contain?
renal corpuscles
proximal and distal convoluted tubules
portions of proximal and distal straight tubules
connecting tubules
collecting ducts
small amounts of interstitum
fibroblasts
extensive vascular supply
how is the renal cortex organized
as medullary rays and cortical labyrinths
what are medullary rays
parallel arrays of straight tubules and a collecting duct traveling perpendicular to capsule
each centered around a collecting duct
what are cortical labyrinths
regions containing renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules
what does the renal medulla contain?
portions of proximal and distal straight tubules of the nephrons
thin limbs of loop of Henle
collecting ducts
vasa recta (capillary network parallel to straight tubules)
robust interstitium
where do loops of Henle project?
most of the time, part way into medulla
sometimes, deeps into medulla
what do tubules in the renal medulla form?
conical structures call renal pyramids, which are subdivided into outer and inner medulla
renal pyramids directions
apical portions face renal sinus, base faces renal cortex
how are renal pyramids separated?
by medullary extensions of the cortex called renal columns
what are renal columns?
which consist of cortex components and help to anchor the medullary and cortical regions
what is the outer zone of the renal medulla?
part of the medulla nearest to the cortex
divided into outer and inner stripe
outer stripe
contains part of the proximal and distal straight tubules and superficial part of medullary collecting duct
inner stripe
contains part of distal straight tubule, some thin segments of loop on Henle, part of medullar collecting duct
inner zone of renal medulla
deepest part of medulla includes apex of pyramid
contains thin segments of loop of Henle and deepest portions of medullary collecting duct
what make up kidney lobes
renal pyramid
cortical tissue at its base
adjacent cortical tissue of each renal column
what does the number of lobes in a kidney equal
number of pyramids
what are the cortical portions of kidney lobes divides into?
lobules
what make up the kidney lobules?
medullary ray and surrounding cortical labyrinth
they are the renal secretory unit
what parts of kidney lobules are easily seen and not easily seen?
center is easily seen by medullary rays
boundaries between lobules not easily seen
what is the glomerulus? how does blood enter it?
twisted mass of fenestrated capillaries surrounded by basal lamina produced by endothelial cells
in via afferent arterioles, out via efferent
where does the glomerular capillary bed reside?
what does this result in?
between two high resistance vessels
high hydrostatic pressure in capillaries forces fluid & solutes OUT via capillary fenestrations
