Unit 1; Use and Ethics Flashcards
significance of Dr Simon D Brimhall
first lab animal veterinarian
in 1967 ACP (animal care panel) became
AALAS (American Association of Lab Animal Science)
what was ACP concerned with (what they do)
Animal care panel; concerned with production, care, and study of lab animals
what AALAS does
educates and certify lab animal care professionals, CE annually, promote humane care and use, serves as means of communication betw individuals and organizations in field
3 examinations offered by AALAS
ALAT- assis. lab animal tech
LAT- Lab animal tech
LATG- Lab animal technologist
t or f; you must be an LVT to obtain any AALAS certification
F
requirments for ALAT, LAT, and LATG certification
ALAT- any college degree 2 yrs+
LAT- bachelor’s+ ALAT certification+ college degree or hs diploma after receiving ALAT
LATG-Bachelor’s + LAT certification+ degree of hs diploma after receiving LAT
difference in responsibilities of ALAT and LAT
ALAT= care LAT= research tech, special treatments, surgery, etc.
what are the three R’s researchers are required to consider whilst testing on animals
Reduction- use the fewest # of animals possible
Replacement- look to use animal models w/ a non-animal model or a species phylogenetically lower
Refinement- of methods to avoid or minimize discomfort, pain, and stress
animals most used in research (1st and 2nd)
1st- mice
2nd- rats
both= over 95% of animals used
what the administrator of lab animal facility does
supervises staff, ensures appropriate records, etc
what the Principal investigator (PI) on a research team does
scientist; develops hypothesis, plans experiment, collect and interpret data, report findings(usu advanced degree, usu doctorate, usu specialized)
what the ALAT, LAT, and LATG do on a research team
daily care, control variables, may perform treatments, may collect and process data
what the lab animal veterinarian does on a research team
all health aspects, advising team members on handling and treatment
what is “Basic Research”, what does it consist of
research concerned w advancing fundamental knowledge, often computer models, no live models
what is Applied Research, what does it consist of
research that using existing knowledge (from basic research) to solve specific biomedical problems); computer, math, culture, or live models
what is clinical research, what does it consist of
builds on knowledge gained in other forms (basic and applied rsrch), always on live animals. FDA requirements in place
what is the importance of the literature search component of research design
see if research has already been done
what is, and what is the importance of the blind study component of research design
animals randomly assigned to expirimental or control group, team doesn’t know which are assigned to what, prevents bias
who develops the experimental design, what is it
research team, all details written down (budget, # of animals, etc.) before approval
what is the largest source of government funding for biomedical research
the NIH- National Institutes of Health
an agency of the US dept. of health and human services
animal rights beliefs
all animals are equal; humans have no right to exploit them for any reason. (don’t kill, eat, farm, sport, pets are slavery, feel animals should be liberated)
animal welfare beliefs
animals used to benefit humans if they are used humanely, not opposed to well regulated research
animal exploitation beliefs
animals were put on this earth to serve us, they are property, no sense of pain/suffering (dog fighting, cock fighting, etc.)
how woodchucks are used in experimentation for developing vaccines against liver disease caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
woodchucks infected w WHV (woodchuck hepatitis virus), a virus closley related to HBV, are ideal model
importance of armadillos and leprosy research
naturally occurring leprosy is found in armadillo population, still impossible to grow leprosy bacillus in culture, armadillos= only source for vaccines and we can study its transmission in populations
list all steps in research design
proposal/theory, literature search, hypothesis (done by PI/scientist), expirimental design (developed by team, all details written)
What IACUC stands for
Institutional animal care and use committee
What iacuc does
Evaluate programs, investigate complaints, inspect facilities every 6 months, prepare reports, etc
The awa and guide both require that all animals used in research or teaching be approved by ____\
IACUC
Members of IACUC
Chair, veterinarian, non-affiliated member; scientist, non scientist
What AAALAC stands for
Association for assessment and accreditation of lab animal care
Organization that accredits research labs
AAALAC
