Unit 1 - LAA3 - Operant Conditioning Flashcards
According to Skinner, how is behaviour learnt?
Through consequences
Who argued that behaviour is learnt through consequences?
Skinner
What types of reinforcements are there?
Positive and negative
Positive and negative are types of what in operant conditioning?
reinforcements
Skinner believed that learning was what type of process?
active
Who believed that learning was an active process?
Skinner
What happens when humans and animals act on and in their environment according to operant conditioning?
consequences follow these behaviours.
If consequences are pleasant, what does that mean about behaviour?
It will be repeated
If behaviour is repeated, what does that mean about the consequences of their actions?
That they were positive consequences
If consequences are unpleasant, what does that mean about behaviour?
It will not be repeated
If a behaviour is not repeated, what does this mean about the consequences of their actions?
That they were negative.
Do reinforcements strengthen or weaken behaviour?
Strengthen
What strengthens behaviour according to operant conditioning?
Reinforcements (positive and negative)
Do punishments strengthen or weaken behaviour?
Weaken
What weakens behaviour according to operant conditioning?
Punishments
What is meant by positive reinforcement?
Increases the chance of a behaviour occurring again by providing a pleasant consequence or reward.
What is being described below:
Increases the chance of a behaviour occurring again by providing a pleasant consequence or reward.
Positive reinforcement
What is meant by negative reinforcement?
Increases the chance of a behaviour occurring again by removing (or escape from) an unpleasant stimulus.
What is being described below:
Increases the chance of a behaviour occurring again by removing (or escape from) an unpleasant stimulus.
Negative reinforcement
What is meant by punishment?
Decreases the chance of the behaviours occurring again by removing an unpleasant consequence.
What is being described below:
Decreases the chance of the behaviours occurring again by removing an unpleasant consequence.
Punishment
Decide whether the following is an example of positive or negative reinforcement or punishment:
A rat receives an electric shock to his brain, which creates pleasure every time he presses a bar. Before long, the rat is pressing the bar 50 times per minute.
Positive reinforcement
Decide whether the following is an example of positive or negative reinforcement or punishment:
Fred refuses to take out the rubbish so his mother refuses to allow him to watch his favourite TV show.
Punishment
Decide whether the following is an example of positive or negative reinforcement or punishment:
Andrew is upset because every time he goes to school he is bullied. Andrew’s mother noticed he complains he feels sick every morning and asks to stay home from school. His mother usually agrees.
Negative reinforcement