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CH - Y12 - BTEC B > Cognitive app LAA - Remembering > Flashcards

Cognitive app LAA - Remembering Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by memory retrieval?

A

the process of bringing information back from the long term memory

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2
Q

What are the 3 different memory stores?

A

Sensory register, Short term memory and long term memory

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3
Q

During retrieval what memory stores are being used?

A

short term and long term memory

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4
Q

After information is retrieved from long term memory, where does the information go?

A

it temporarily gets stored in the short term memory before if goes back to long term memory

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5
Q

What is the key term for information being moved from long term memory to short term memory?

A

memory retrieval

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6
Q

What increases the likelihood of information being forgotten?

A

the longer the information is not retrieved

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7
Q

what is meant by forgetting?

A

when information stored starts to decay

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8
Q

How does the mind avoid forgetting?

A

recognition and recall

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9
Q

Which method is the most effective in avoiding forgetting?

A

Recall

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10
Q

What is meant by recognition?

A

When you can identify information due to an external cue

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11
Q

What is meant by recall?

A

retrieving the information from the long term memory

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12
Q

What is the difference between recall and recognition?

A

recognition is when the information is familiar but cannot occur without a cue whereas recall can occur with/without a cue

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13
Q

Give an example of recognition

A

You know who created the multistore model of memory but you can’t remember their name

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14
Q

What type of process is recognition?

A

an unconscious process

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15
Q

what is meant by an unconscious process?

A

Something that occurs out of our control

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16
Q

What is meant by free recall?

A

when information can be pulled from the LTM without a cue

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17
Q

What is meant by cue recall?

A

When information can be pulled from the LTM with the help of a cue

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18
Q

How does cue recall occur?

A

During learning, we associate the info with either an internal (emotion) or external (environment) cue

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19
Q

What type of process is free recall?

A

automatic process

20
Q

Who conducted research on recall and recognition?

A

Bahrick

21
Q

How did Bahrick investigated recall and recognition?

A

testing high school graduates on their memory of their former class mates with either a photo cue or no photo cue

22
Q

In Bahricks research, what were the percentages of students who accurately recalled their classmates names?

A

70% of participants who had a photo
30% of participants who had no photo

23
Q

What does Bahrick’s research show us?

A

recall is better with a cue

24
Q

what is meant by a cue?

A

a cue is a internal or external clue

25
Q

What is meant by meaningful cues?

A

a cue that has significance to the information

26
Q

What is meant by a cue without meaning?

A

a simple cue that has been connected but doesn’t have any significance to the information

27
Q

What types of cues without meaning can you have

A

state and context dependent cues

28
Q

What is meant by state dependent cue?

A

a cue based on your physical and or emotional state

29
Q

What is meant by context dependent cues?

A

a cue based on the environment

30
Q

Who conducted research on context dependent cues?

A

Godden and Baddeley

31
Q

How did Godden and Baddeley investigate context dependent cues

A

got deep sea divers to learn a list of words either on land or underwater then recall in the same/ opposite condition

32
Q

What were the four conditions used in Godden and Baddeley’s research

A
  • Learn on land- Recall on land.
  • Learn on land- Recall underwater.
  • Learn underwater- Recall on land.
  • Learn underwater- Recall underwater
33
Q

What did Godden and Baddeley find?

A

There was a 40% lower accuracy when information was recalled in a different condition to when it was learnt.

34
Q

Who conducted research on state dependent cues?

A

Carter and Cassaday

35
Q

How did Carter and Cassaday investigate state dependent cues?

A

Gave antihistamine drugs to their participants which has a mild sedative effect making the participant slightly drowsy, then got participants to learn a list of words

36
Q

What did Carter and Cassaday find when investigating state dependent cues?

A

They found that when there was a mismatch between internal states at learning and recall, performance on the memory test was significantly worse

37
Q

What were the four conditions used in Carter and Cassaday’s research?

A
  • Learn on drug- Recall when on drug.
  • Learn on drug- Recall when not on drug.
  • Learn not on drug- Recall when on drug.
  • Learn not on drug- Recall when not on drug
38
Q

Why is it important that we understand how information is forgotten in the real world?

A

It can help us develop techniques to avoid forgetting in different settings i.e. education or for eyewitness testimonies

39
Q

Based off our knowledge of remembering, What was created to help avoid forgetting in eye witness testimonies?

A

Cognitive interview

40
Q

How does the cognitive interview improve the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?

A

it enhances the retrieval of information about a crime scene from the eyewitnesses and victim’s memory

41
Q

What 4 techniques are involved in the cognitive interview?

A

Stage 1: Reinstate the context
Stage 2: Recall events in reverse order
Stage 3: Report everything they can remember
Stage 4: Describe events from someone else’s point of view

42
Q

What is meant by reinstate the context?

A

getting the witness to think back to the incident to get the context and state dependent cues

43
Q

What is meant by recall in reverse order?

A

getting the witness to recall the events from a different chronological order

44
Q

What is meant by recall everything?

A

getting the witness to recall everything they can remember even if the information seems unimportant

45
Q

What is meant by recall from a different point of view?

A

getting the witness to recall the event from someone else at the scene i.e. another witness

CH - Y12 - BTEC B (16 decks)

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