Unit 1 - LAA - Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of awareness does the brain provide?

A

conscious

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2
Q

The brain is involved in what kind of processes?

A

internal mental processes - thoughts

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3
Q

What type of neurons is the brain made up of a vast number of?

A

Interconnected neurons

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4
Q

What is the brain separated into?

A

two hemispheres

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5
Q

What are the two half of the brain referred to as?

A

Hemispheres

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6
Q

Where does the brain receive info from and why?

A

From various sensory organs to give information about the body

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7
Q

What is meant by localisation of function?

A

Specific areas of the brain have specific jobs/functions

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8
Q

What is meant by lateralisation of function?

A

Brain is split into two halves, left and right. Each hemisphere has a different function.

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9
Q

What is the corpus collosum?

A

collection of nerve cells that connects the two hemispheres

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10
Q

What does the spinal cord do?

A

Connects the brain via the brain stem to the rest of the body and transfers messages between them

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11
Q

What is meant by plasticity?

A

The brain is ‘flexible’ enough to change and adapt as a result of new experiences, learning or brain damage throughout our lives. This involves the growth of new connections (synapses).

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12
Q

What is synaptic pruning?

A

Where as neurons develop we build synaptic connections. As we get older these connections are either deleted or strengthened to take on new demands

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13
Q

Why is the biological approach reductionist?

A

reductionist

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14
Q

Which hemisphere in the brain is responsible for what function?

A

Left for language, Right for recognition.

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15
Q

damage to the LH would result in

A

difficulty speaking

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16
Q

damage to the RH would result in

A

difficulty recognising information/people

17
Q

what is meant by contralateral control ?

A

the arrangement of the brain whereby each hemisphere controls the opposite sides of the body

18
Q

describe the function of the cortex

A

The brains 3mm outer layer that covers the inner structures where higher mental processes occur.

19
Q

describe the function of the motor area

A

Controls voluntary movements of the opposite side of the body (contralateral control).
- MOTOR AREA ON RH controls movement on left hand side of the body.
- MOTOR AREA ON LH controls movement on right hand side of the body.

20
Q

describe the function of the somatosensory area

A

Controls touch information collected from the skin on the opposite side of the body. Over half of the area is devoted to receiving signals from the face and hands (very sensitive).

21
Q

damage to the somatosensory area causes…

A

sensory problems (numbness, tingling)

22
Q

describe the function of the visual area

A

Each eye sends information to the corresponding visual area.
Right eye sends information to the left visual area.
Left eye sends information to the right visual area.

23
Q

damage to one visual area causes…

A

partial blindness in one eye

24
Q

what is functional recovery?

A

Healthy brain areas can often adapt and ‘take over’ functions of damaged areas or areas of trauma.
New connections are formed close to the damaged areas or a matching area in the other hemisphere takes over.

25
Q

Name the four areas of the brain we are required to know

A

Cortex, motor area, somatosensory area, visual area.