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Psychology > Unit 1 Introduction and Research > Flashcards

Unit 1 Introduction and Research Flashcards

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0
Q

Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering

A

Naturalistic observation

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1
Q

A relatively small group out of the total population under study

A

Sample

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2
Q

Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

A

Case study

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3
Q

Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions

A

Survey

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4
Q

Research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

A

Longitudinal study

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5
Q

Research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

A

Cross-sectional study

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6
Q

The measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data

A

Correlation

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7
Q

An educated guess about the relationship between two variables

A

Hypothesis

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8
Q

Any factor that is capable of change

A

Variable

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9
Q

The group to which an independent variable is applied

A

Experimental group

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10
Q

The group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment is not applied

A

Control group

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11
Q

Needs such as sleep and hunger

A

Psychological

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12
Q

Private or up observable mental , reasons

A

Cognitive

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13
Q

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychology

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14
Q

Educational guess about some phenomenon

A

Hypothesis

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15
Q

A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study.

A

Theory

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16
Q

The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake

A

Basic Science

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17
Q

Discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals.

A

Applied Science

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18
Q

A general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized .

A

Scientific Method

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19
Q

an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

A

double-blind experiment

20
Q

a change in a participant’s illness or behavior that results from a belief that that the treatment will have an effect rather than the actual treatment

A

placebo effect

21
Q

A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals.

A

Psychologist

22
Q

A psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances.

A

Clinical psychologist

23
Q

A psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living.

A

Counseling psychologist

24
Q

Branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional or behavioral disorders

A

Psychiatry

25
Q

A psychologist who studies the emotional cognitive biological personal and social changes that occur as an individual matures.

A

Developmental psychologist

26
Q

A psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn.

A

Educational psychologist

27
Q

A psychologist who may work in a mental health or social well fair agency.

A

Community psychologist

28
Q

A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the work place a more satisfying environment for employees and managers.

A

Industrial/ organizational psychologist

29
Q

A psychologist who studies sensations, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions.

A

Experimental psychologist

30
Q

Psychologist who study the basic elements that make up conscious
Mental experiences

A

Structuralist

31
Q

Collect information about the mind

A

Introspection

32
Q

Study how animals and people adapt to their environment

A

Functionalist

33
Q

Psychologist who studies how unconscious motivates and conflicts human behavior

A

Psychoanalyst

34
Q

Psychologist who stressed investigating observable behavior

A

Behaviorist

35
Q

Who believes each person has the freedom in directing

His or her future and achieving personal growth

A

Humanist

36
Q

Focus on how we process or store information and how this information influences our thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity

A

Cognitivists

37
Q

How the brain, the nervous system, hormones, and genetic influences our behavior

A

Psychobiologists

38
Q

The physical needs such as sleep and hunger.

A

Physiological

39
Q

The measure of difference, or spread

A

Variance

40
Q

The measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean

A

Standard deviation

41
Q

Describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables

A

Correlation coefficient

42
Q

Numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether the results were due to chance

A

Inferential statistics

43
Q

a branch of mathematics that enables researchers to organize and evaluate the data they collect

A

statistics

44
Q

the listing and summarizing of data in a practical, efficient way, such as through graphs and averages

A

descriptive statistics

45
Q

is a way of arranging data so that we know how often a particular score or observation occurs

A

frequency distribution

46
Q

Many variables, such as height, weight, and IQ, fall into such a curve if enough people are measured

A

normal curve

47
Q

a number that describes something about the “average” score

A

central tendency

Psychology (9 decks)

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