Unit 1: Intro To Biology Flashcards
List 5 branches of biology and what is studied in each.
Zoology- study of animals
Microbiology- study of microscope life
Genetics- study of heredity and
passing of traits
Cytology- study of cells
Botany- study of plants
List and describe the steps of scientific method.
Step 1: identify what to study (purpose/question)
Step 2: do background research
Step 3: construct a hypothesis
Step 4: experiment/test
Step 5: analyze data and make observation
Step 6: communicate result
What is abiogenesis?
Abiogenesis is the belief that life can spontaneously arrive from inorganic substances. (Life can Côme from nothing)
How did Francesco Redi contribute to disproving abiogenesis?
Francesco Redi placed rotten meat in a jar with the lid open, and flies appeared on it. He then placed rotten meat in a jar and sealed the lid and no flies appeared. People said it lacked the “active Ingredient” which is air. He then put mesh over the jar and flies again, did not appear.
How did Needham contribute to disproving the theory of abiogenesis?
Needham boiled meat broth in a loosely sealed flask until it turned clear. He then let them sit for a few days and the water turned murky and contained microorganisms. He concluded that the microorganisms came from non-living things in the broth.
How did Spallanzani contribute to disproving abiogenesis?
Spallanzani did the same experiment as Needham, but this time he boiled the flasks for a longer period of time, and made sure they were properly sealed with no air flow. After a few days of sitting, the water in the flasks stayed clear, and no microorganisms appeared. People still protested his theory saying he didn’t allow the active ingredient of air.
How did Louis Pasteur contribute to the disproving of abiogenesis?
Pasteur got a swan-neck shaped flask made. He then place broth in the flask and boiled it. He allowed air flow into the flask and the after a few days the broth remained clear. He then concluded that the microorganisms could not get past the curve snap of the flask.
What are the similarities and differences of a stereoscope/simple microscope and a compound microscope.
SIMILARITIES : Both are used to view things, and both magnify
DIFFERENCES: -a compound uses transmitted light to view objects, simple microscopes uses reflected light
-compound produces 2D picture, simple produces 3D
-compound has higher resolution and magnification
-compound has 2 lens
What does a iris diaphragm, coarse adjustment, and fine adjustment do?
Iris diaphragm regulates the light
Coarse adjustment lowers and raises the stage for focusing
Fine adjustment sightly moves stage to sharpen image
Do a practice question of calculating the Fov or Size of specimen
Right now
What happens to size of FOV, resolution, and illumination as you increase magnification?
The FOV becomes smaller as you increase magnification
The resolution decreases as the magnification increases
The Illumination decreases as you increase the magnification
What is a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
A prokaryotic cell is very simple, has no membrane and only a dense nuclear area, single celles organisms only (bacteria)
A eukaryotic is complex, contains many structures called organelles, are uni- or multi- cellular (plants and animals)
What are 3 points of cell theory?
-all organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
-cells are basic units of life
-all cells come from pre-existing cells
How did Hans and Jensen contribute to the development of cell theory?
They produced the very first compound microscope.
How did Hooke contribute to the cell theory?
Hooke was the the first to call spaces in cork “cells”
