Evolution Quiz Flashcards
What is Lamarcks theory of evolution
Lamarck believed in acquired genetics, which is the idea that changes in the environment caused organisms to need a trait, therefore they developed it. If the evolved trait is beneficial then the parents passed it on.
What is Darwin’s Theory of evolution?
Darwin believed in natural selection which is caused by factors:
1.variation: No 2 organisms are exactly alike even among the same family, these variations are passed of through heredity.
2.Over production: All organisms produce more offspring then can survive to reproduce.
- Competition: Over population causes organisms of the same species and different species to compete for limited resources
- Natural selection: organisms with variations that allow them to out compète will survive and reproduce while others die off without passing down traits.
What is direct evidence for evolution
Direct evidence: is fossil evidence. It is the remains, impressions and traces of organisms which have been preserved from past geological age. Many represent extinct organisms that strongly resemble creatures found today. Often found in sedimentary rocks, the age of fossil can be based on amount of carbon present (carbon dating)
What are the sections of indirect evolution evidence?
Indirect evidence has 5 types:
i) Anatomical evidence: Homologous structures, Analogous structures, vestigial organs
ii) embryological evidence: animals appear similar as embryos
iii) biochemical evidence: chemical analysis of organisms indicates that organisms are similar at molecular levels.
iv) artificial breeding: Breeding selected organisms to get desired traits =man made evolution
v) Biogeography: The distribution of life forms over geographical areas, in last and present times.
What is Anatomical Evidence?
Anatomical evidence:
a)homologous structures similar in structure but differ in function therefore a similar ancestor. Dolphin flipper and bat wing
Analogous structures are structures that are similar in function but differ in structure (butterfly wing and bird wing)
b) vestigial organs which is a body part with no apparent usage today but had some use in the past.
What are the 3 types of evolution and describe each briefly.
- Stabilization selection: Favours heterozygous
- Directional selection: favours phenotype at one of the extremes (BB bb)
- Disruptive selection: selection against heterozygous and favours both Hom rec and dom
What is evolution? What are the characteristics of evolution?
Evolution is gradual changes in populations of organisms from their ancestors over time the characteristics are:
- Evolutionary change Involves a change in population and not individuals lifetime
- A single evolutionary event involves few characteristics
- Must be a valid reason for evolution change to occur
What are the causes of variation within a species?
a) genetic drift: Is a change in a gene pool due to change occurrence.
Founder effect) colonisation of new area
Bottleneck effect) flood kills a variation in species
b) gene flow: immigration, individuals migrate and breed with new populations
C) mutation: all genetic variation in a populations originated as a heritable mutation and is passed on by generation. If the mutation is good or bad affects the reproductive and survival success of a species
What are the similarities and differences of Darwin and lamarcks theories?
Similarities:
-evolution occurs
-traits are passed on by reproduction
-environments change
Differences:
- Lamarck believed All organisms within a population are the same
-Darwin believed organisms of a population differ
-Lamarck organisms grow changes,
-Darwin organisms with the best variations survive
-Lamarck speciation (change in animal) occurs over one generation
-Darwin speciation occurs over many generations
Differentiate between geographic isolation and reproductive isolation.
Geographic isolation is when population is divided into groups by physical barriers.
Reproductive isolation is when a group of a population becomes separate due ti factors affecting reproduction (ex) different mating seasons)
What is a population?
A population is a group of organisms of the same species in the same area.
What is a species?
A species is a group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
What is a gene pool?
A gene pool is a combination of all genes present in a population.
What is genotype Frequency?
What is gene frequency?
Gene frequency is pq
Genotype frequency is pq+p
What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with classification of animals. The modern taxonomy uses molecular evidence to determine similarities.
