Cell Transport And Metabolism Flashcards
Differentiate between active transport and passive transport.
Passive transport id the movement of materials across a cell membrane without using its own energy (with the concentration gradient). Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane requiring the cell to use its own energy (against the concentration gradient).
Differentiate between phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
Phagocytosis is the process which cells engulf solid particles. Pinocytosis is the process which cells engulf liquid droplets. Both are types of endocytosis.
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Simple diffusion is the random movement of substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of only water.
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and facilitated transport?
Facilitated diffusion uses special channel protein molecules, it does not use energy and it passive transport. Facilitated transport uses a protein pump, it goes against the concentration gradient and uses ATP.
What is the difference between cytolysis and plasmolysis.
Cytolysis is when animal cells burst do to hypotonic solutions. Because they lack cell walls. Animal cells have water removing mechanisms. Plasmolysis is when a plant cell loses water in a hypertonic solution and begin to wilt.
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is transport of large molecules into the cell by engulfing the molecule with pseudopods until it gets enclosed by a vacuole. Exocytosis is when large molecules (waste) are stored in vacuoles and move to the cell membrane expelling contents.
What is the difference between autotroph and heterotroph.
Autotrophs are organisms that create there own energy using the sunlight through the process of photosynthesis. Heterotrophs get there energy by eating other organisms, they eat other heterotrophs or autotrophs.
What is the difference between NAD and NADP.
NAD is only different from NADP because NAPD has a phosphate and NAD does not. Both are electron and hydrogen carriers, they turn into NADH and NADPH. NAD is used in photosynthesis, while NADPis used in cellular respiration.
What is the difference between photolysis and phosphorylation?
Photolysis is the breaking down of h20 molecules. Phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphorus to a molecule or attaching to ADP to make ATP.
Label fluid mosaic model
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If salt is dissolved in water what is the solvent and solute?
Solute is the salt
The solvent is the water
Define tonicity and be able to use terms isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic.
Toni city is The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis.
Isotonic is when there is a equilibrium reached in the cell and the concentrations are the same. Hypertonic is when the solute concentration is higher outside the cell, therefore water leaves the cell to even it out. Hypotonic solution is when the solute concentration is higher inside the cell, therefore the water from outside the cell goes inward.
What is energy?
Energy is the capacity of doing work or causing change. It cannot be destroyed or created, only transferred from one form to another.
In what form is energy stored in all living organisms.
Cells store sugar molecules as glycogen in animals and starch in plants; both plants and animals also use fats extensively as a food store.
What is the significance of the ATP/ADP cycle? How does it work?
If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP. The energy released by the ATP must be released in small amounts as particles are passed from 1 acceptée molecule to another.
What is a electron transport chain? Why are they important to living things?
A electron transport chain is a series of proteins which are charged by electrons and used to form a electrochemical gradient. This gradient is then used to produce ATP by bonding a phosphorus with ADP.
