Unit 1 - Chapter 8 - Skin Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 5 functions of the skin
A
- protection against foreign materials
- prevention against excess fluid loss
- controlling body temperature
- sensing
- synthesizing vitamin d
2
Q
what are the 5 skin layers from innermost to outermost
A
- stratum basale
- stratum spinosum
- startum granulosum
- startum lucidum
- stratum corneum
3
Q
expand on the stratum basale skin layer (innermost layer)
A
- squamous epithelial cells form by mitosis
- one of each pair moves up
4
Q
expand on the stratum spinosum skin layer
A
- composed of irregular shaped cells
- have cells called desmosomes that are rich in rna thar help produce keratin
5
Q
expand on the stratum granulosum skin layer
A
- layer where keratin forms
-cells are called keratinocyes and they start to die and break down
6
Q
expand on the stratum lucidum skin layer
A
- composed of dead keratinocyetes that are flattened
7
Q
expand on the stratum corneum skin layer
A
- composed of flat dead cells
- filled with keratin
8
Q
what is the process of keratin being formed that eventually ends up on the skin called
A
keratinization
9
Q
what is melanin
A
a pigment that decides skin colorw
10
Q
what do dark skinned people rarely develop and why
A
skin cancer because of their levels of high melanin
11
Q
what is albinism
A
recessive congenitial disorder in which the body lacks production of melanin
12
Q
what is vitiligo
A
small areas of hypopigmentation
13
Q
what is melasma/chloasma
A
patches of darkers skin on the face that may develop during pregnancy
14
Q
whats another term for accessory organs
A
appendages
15
Q
what are the 2 different types of sweat glands
A
eccrine and apocrine
16
Q
expand on eccrine sweat glands
A
- located all over the body
- secrete sweat through pores onto the skin in response to increased heat or stress
17
Q
expand on apocrine sweat glands
A
- located in the armpit, scalp, facce and genitals
- these ducts open in hair follicules
18
Q
what is below the dermis and what does it consist of
A
- subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
- connective tissue, fat cells, macrophagues, fibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves
19
Q
what is a macule
A
small flat circumscribed lesion of a different color than the normal skin
20
Q
what is a papule
A
small, firm, elevated lesion
21
Q
what is a nodule
A
palpable, elevated lesion
22
Q
what is a pustule
A
elevated lesion containing pus
23
Q
what is a vesicle
A
elevated, thin walled lesion containing clear fluid (blister)
24
Q
what is a plaque
A
large, slightly elevated lesion with flat surface and scale
25
what is a crust
dry rough surface with dried fluid or blood
26
what is a lichenification
a thick, dry, rough surface
27
what is a keloid
raised, irregular, and increasing mass of collagen resulting from excessive scar tissue formation
28
what is a fissure
small, deep, linear crack or tear in the skin
29
what is a ulcer
cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis and dermis, often bleeding
30
what is an erosion
shallow, moist cavity in the epidermis
31
what is a comedone
mass of sebum, keratin and debris blocking the opening of a hair folicule
32
what can contact dermatitis be caused by
exposure to a substance like metals, cosmetics, soaps, chemicals and plants
33
what are signs and symptoms of contact dermatitis
itching, redness, swelling, hives
34
what is the treatment for contact dermatitis
removal of irritant and a topical solution
35
what causes hives (urticaria)
a hypersensitivity reaction to ingested substances like shellfish or nuts
36
what are the signs and symptoms of hives
- eruptions of raised lesions
- itchiness
37
what is the treatment for hives
antihistamines
38
what is the cause of eczema (atopic dermatitis)
exposure to allergens
39
what are the signs and symptoms of eczema
- itchiness
- res lesions with crusts
- dry scaly skin
- thick skin patches
40
what is the treatment for eczema
- elimation of allergens
- topical glucocorticoids
- antihistamines
41
what causes psoriasis
abnormal activiation of T cells and an associated increased in cytokines in affected tissues
42
what are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis
- red patches of skin with silver scales
- dry cracked skin that may bleed
- itching, burning, soreness
- swollen, painfull, stiff joints
43
what is the treatment for psoriasis
- topical therapy
- phototherapy
- oral/injected medications
44
what is the cause of pemphigus
when autoantibodies disrupt the cohesion between the spidermal cells, causing blistersto form
45
what are the signs and symptoms of pemphigus
- blisters on mouth, skin
- painful blisters
- breathing difficulty
46
what is the treatment for pemphigus
glucocoticoids and immunosuppressants
47
what is the cause if scleroderma
- cause is unknown but increased collagen is observed in all cases
48
what are the signs and symptoms of scleroderma
- hard, shiny, tight, immovable areas of skin
- narrow, shortened fingertips
- tight face, so unable to do facial expressions
49
what is the treatment fot scleroderma
- antiinflammatory drugs
- immunosupressive therapies
50
what is the cause of dupuytrens contracture
- unknown
- thickening of skin on palms occurs
51
what is the treatment for dupuytrens contracture
- stretching
- steroid/enzyme injections
- radiation therapy
- surgery
52
what is the cause of cellulitis
- appears after an injury, a boil or an ulcer
53
what are the signs and symptoms of cellulitis
- reddness
- swelling
- pain
54
what is the treatment for cellulitis
antibiotics
55
what is the cause of furuncles
the bacteria s. aureus
56
what are the signs and symptoms of furuncles
- firm red lesion
- painful nodule
- abscess
57
what is the treatment for furuncles
- warm compress
- tylenol or advilw
58
what is the cause of impetigo
the bacteria s. aureus
59
what are the signs and symptoms of impetigo
- red vesicles
- crusty masses
- itching
60
what is the treatment for impetigo
- topical antibiotics
61
what is the cause of acute necrotizing fasciitis
a strain of sterptococcus
62
what are the signs and symptoms of acute necrotizing fasciitis
- infections
- gangrene
- fever
- organ failure
- mental confusion
63
what is the treatment for acute necrotizing fasciitis
antimicrobial therapy
fluid replacement
excision of infected tissues
64
what is the cause of leprosy
the bacteria mycobacterium leprae
65
what are the signs and symptoms of leprosy
- lesions and macules
- loss of feeling
66
what is the treatment for leprosy
antibiotics
67
what is the cause of herpes
- activation of the virus (as it can be latient for a long time)
- direct contact with fluid from the lesion
68
what are the signs and symptoms of herpes
- burning/tingling
- vesicles that rupture and form a crust
69
what is the treatment for herpes
antiviral drugs
70
what is the cause of verrucae (warts)
human papillomaviruses (hpv)
71
what are the signs and symptoms of verrucae (warts)
- papile
- painful when pressure is applied
72
what is the treatment of verrucae (Warts)
lazer
freezing with liquid nitrogen
topical medications
73
what are the signs and symptoms of tinea capitis (ringworm on scalp)
- circular bald patch on the scalp
- redness
- scaling
74
what is the treatment for tinea capitis (ringworm on scalp)
- antifungal drugs
75
what are the signs and symptoms for tinea corporis (ringworm on body)
- round red rings with clear centers
- itching or burning
76
what is the cause of scabies
invasion by mites
77
what are the signs and symptoms of scabies
- burrows on skin
- small vesicles
- redness and inflammation
- itching
78
what is the treatment for scabies
topical treatment
79
what are keratoses
benign lesions that are associated with aging or skin damage
80
what is squamous cell carcinoma
painless malignant tumor of the epidermis
81
what are the signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma
- scaly reddish lesion
- ulceration
82
what is a malignant melanoma
serious skin cancer that develops from melanocytes
83
what is the treatment for malignant melanoma
surgery
radiation
chemotherapy
84
what is kaposi sarcoma
skin cancer that is associasted with hiv
85
what are the signs and symptoms of kaposi sarcoma
- lesions
- no pain
86
what is the treatment for kaposi sarcome
- radiation
- chemotherapu
- surgery
