Unit 1 Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

the name given to the series of metabolic pathways that bring about the release of energy from a foodstuff

A

Cellular Respiration

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2
Q

the name given to the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule

A

Phosphorylation

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3
Q

what pyruvate gets converted to during the citric acid cycle

A

Carbon Dioxide and acetyl group

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4
Q

the name of the first stage of respiration

A

Glycolysis

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5
Q

what inhibits the action of phosphofructokinase enzyme at stage 3 of glycolysis

A

High concentrations of ATP and High Concentrations of Citrate

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6
Q

the enzyme that releases H+ions from the substrate during glycolysis

A

Dehydrogenase Enzyme

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7
Q

the second stage of respiration

A

Citric Acid Cycle

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8
Q

the enzyme used in phosphorylation in step 3 of glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase

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9
Q

the high energy compound regenerated from ADP + Pi

A

ATP

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10
Q

the name of the coenzyme molecule that H+ ions are passed to during glycolysis for transfer to the electron transfer stage

A

NAD

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11
Q

the name of the membrane enzyme present in the mitochondria that drives the reaction between ADP and Pi

A

ATP Synthase

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12
Q

what acetyl coenzyme A joins with during the citric acid cycle to form citrate

A

Oxaloacetate

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13
Q

the net number of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis

A

2ATP

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14
Q

the name of another coenzyme(apart from NAD) present in the citric acid cycle that accepts H+ ions and electrons

A

FAD

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15
Q

what needs to be present for aerobic respiration to proceed after glycolysis

A

Oxygen

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16
Q

the two phases of glycolysis

A

Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase

17
Q

how much ATP is produced during the citric acid cycle

18
Q

the location where the citric acid cycle takes place

A

Central Matrix of the Mitochondria

19
Q

the name of the chemical which releases energy for repetitive muscular contraction

A

Creatine Phosphate

20
Q

the type of respiration that occurs if there is not enough oxygen getting to the cells during intensive exercise

A

Anaerobic Respiration

21
Q

what happens to creatine during times of rest

A

ATP is broken down to release energy and phosphate which are used to create creatine phosphate by phosphorylation

22
Q

what is released by creatine phosphate in muscle cells during strenuous muscular activity

A

Energy and phosphate which are used to convert ADP to ATP

23
Q

what pyruvate is broken down into during anaerobic respiration

A

Lactic Acid

24
Q

the type of muscle fibre that can contract slowly but can sustain contractions for longer and are therefore useful in endurance activities such as rowing and long-distance running

A

Slow Twitch muscle fibres

25
the name of the oxygen-storing protein present in muscle cells that has a stronger affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin
Myoglobin
26
an example of where fast twitch muscle fibres are found
Eyeballs
27
the type of muscle fibres that are good for short bursts of activity as they contract quickly
Fast-twitch muscle fibres