Unit 1 Chapter 7

Question 1

the name given to the series of metabolic pathways that bring about the release of energy from a foodstuff

Answer 1

Cellular Respiration

Question 2

the name given to the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule

Answer 2

Phosphorylation

Question 3

what pyruvate gets converted to during the citric acid cycle

Answer 3

Carbon Dioxide and acetyl group

Question 4

the name of the first stage of respiration

Answer 4

Glycolysis

Question 5

what inhibits the action of phosphofructokinase enzyme at stage 3 of glycolysis

Answer 5

High concentrations of ATP and High Concentrations of Citrate

Question 6

the enzyme that releases H+ions from the substrate during glycolysis

Answer 6

Dehydrogenase Enzyme

Question 7

the second stage of respiration

Answer 7

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 8

the enzyme used in phosphorylation in step 3 of glycolysis

Answer 8

Phosphofructokinase

Question 9

the high energy compound regenerated from ADP + Pi

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

the name of the coenzyme molecule that H+ ions are passed to during glycolysis for transfer to the electron transfer stage

Answer 10

NAD

Question 11

the name of the membrane enzyme present in the mitochondria that drives the reaction between ADP and Pi

Answer 11

ATP Synthase

Question 12

what acetyl coenzyme A joins with during the citric acid cycle to form citrate

Answer 12

Oxaloacetate

Question 13

the net number of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis

Answer 13

2ATP

Question 14

the name of another coenzyme(apart from NAD) present in the citric acid cycle that accepts H+ ions and electrons

Answer 14

FAD

Question 15

what needs to be present for aerobic respiration to proceed after glycolysis

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

the two phases of glycolysis

Answer 16

Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase

Question 17

how much ATP is produced during the citric acid cycle

Answer 17

1 ATP

Question 18

the location where the citric acid cycle takes place

Answer 18

Central Matrix of the Mitochondria

Question 19

the name of the chemical which releases energy for repetitive muscular contraction

Answer 19

Creatine Phosphate

Question 20

the type of respiration that occurs if there is not enough oxygen getting to the cells during intensive exercise

Answer 20

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 21

what happens to creatine during times of rest

Answer 21

ATP is broken down to release energy and phosphate which are used to create creatine phosphate by phosphorylation

Question 22

what is released by creatine phosphate in muscle cells during strenuous muscular activity

Answer 22

Energy and phosphate which are used to convert ADP to ATP

Question 23

what pyruvate is broken down into during anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

Lactic Acid

Question 24

the type of muscle fibre that can contract slowly but can sustain contractions for longer and are therefore useful in endurance activities such as rowing and long-distance running

Answer 24

Slow Twitch muscle fibres

Question 25

the name of the oxygen-storing protein present in muscle cells that has a stronger affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin

Answer 25

Myoglobin

Question 26

an example of where fast twitch muscle fibres are found

Answer 26

Eyeballs

Question 27

the type of muscle fibres that are good for short bursts of activity as they contract quickly

Answer 27

Fast-twitch muscle fibres