Unit 1 Chapter 7 Flashcards
the name given to the series of metabolic pathways that bring about the release of energy from a foodstuff
Cellular Respiration
the name given to the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule
Phosphorylation
what pyruvate gets converted to during the citric acid cycle
Carbon Dioxide and acetyl group
the name of the first stage of respiration
Glycolysis
what inhibits the action of phosphofructokinase enzyme at stage 3 of glycolysis
High concentrations of ATP and High Concentrations of Citrate
the enzyme that releases H+ions from the substrate during glycolysis
Dehydrogenase Enzyme
the second stage of respiration
Citric Acid Cycle
the enzyme used in phosphorylation in step 3 of glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase
the high energy compound regenerated from ADP + Pi
ATP
the name of the coenzyme molecule that H+ ions are passed to during glycolysis for transfer to the electron transfer stage
NAD
the name of the membrane enzyme present in the mitochondria that drives the reaction between ADP and Pi
ATP Synthase
what acetyl coenzyme A joins with during the citric acid cycle to form citrate
Oxaloacetate
the net number of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis
2ATP
the name of another coenzyme(apart from NAD) present in the citric acid cycle that accepts H+ ions and electrons
FAD
what needs to be present for aerobic respiration to proceed after glycolysis
Oxygen
the two phases of glycolysis
Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase
how much ATP is produced during the citric acid cycle
1 ATP
the location where the citric acid cycle takes place
Central Matrix of the Mitochondria
the name of the chemical which releases energy for repetitive muscular contraction
Creatine Phosphate
the type of respiration that occurs if there is not enough oxygen getting to the cells during intensive exercise
Anaerobic Respiration
what happens to creatine during times of rest
ATP is broken down to release energy and phosphate which are used to create creatine phosphate by phosphorylation
what is released by creatine phosphate in muscle cells during strenuous muscular activity
Energy and phosphate which are used to convert ADP to ATP
what pyruvate is broken down into during anaerobic respiration
Lactic Acid
the type of muscle fibre that can contract slowly but can sustain contractions for longer and are therefore useful in endurance activities such as rowing and long-distance running
Slow Twitch muscle fibres
the name of the oxygen-storing protein present in muscle cells that has a stronger affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin
Myoglobin
an example of where fast twitch muscle fibres are found
Eyeballs
the type of muscle fibres that are good for short bursts of activity as they contract quickly
Fast-twitch muscle fibres
