Unit 1 chapter 3 Flashcards
the region on a DNA strand that stops a growing mRNA molecule from growing anymore
Terminator Sequence of Nucleotides
the second type of RNA that meets mRNA at the ribosome, where translation occurs
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
the name of the region on DNA where transcription is initiated
Promoter Region
the name given to non-coding regions on a RNA strand
Introns
the repeating units that make up a single-stranded RNA
RNA Nucleotides
the type of strand that is synthesised from a DNA strand and carries information to the Ribosome
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
the three parts that make up an RNA Nucleotide
Ribose Sugar, Base and Phosphate Group
the name of the enzyme responsible for transcription
RNA Polymerase
the end to which RNA polymerase can add new nucleotides during transcription
3’ end
the two processes involved in gene expression
Transcription and Translation
the structure where assembly of amino acids takes place in a cell
Ribosomes
the name of the process by which a mRNA strand is synthesised from a section of DNA
Transcription
In RNA the base that replaces thymine found in DNA
Uracil (U)
the name given to coding regions on a DNA Strand
Exons
the name given to the process of cutting out introns and putting together exons to form a mature transcript
RNA Splicing
the name given to the triplet of bases on a mRNA strand
codons
the name given to the mRNA strand that becomes separated from its DNA template
Primary Transcript of mRNA
what the mRNA codon that codes for the amino acid Methionine act as.
Start Codon
what mRNA codons that don’t code for an amino acid act as
Stop Codon
the name given to the process by which a single polypeptide chain may need to be cut by enzymes to become active
Cleavage
the name given to the complementary triplet of bases found on a tRNA strand
Anti-Codons
the type of bond that forms between amino acids
Peptide Bonds
the reason why different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript
Alternative Segments of RNA may be treated as Exons and Introns
the name given to the modification of a protein by either folding, coiling, cutting or adding phosphate or carbohydrate groups to the protein
Post- Translational Modifications
the region that a ribosome must bind to on a mRNA template so that translation can begin
5’ end
