Unit 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards
the process by which an unspecialised cell becomes altered and adapted to perform a specialised function as part of permanent tissue
Differentiation
name given to differentiated cells (except reproductive cells)derived from stem cells
Somatic cells
the type of cell that leads to the formation of sex cells (Gametes)
Germline Cells
the process that germline cells can undergo if not making more germline cells by mitosis but making gametes
Meiosis
the type of mutation that is passed on to offspring from the next generation
Mutation in Germline cell
the type of tissue composed of cells that unite to form membranes. This tissue covers the body or lines structures such as the blood vessels and the oesophagus
Epithelial Tissue
the process by which somatic cells divide to form more somatic cells
Mitosis
the three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
the type of tissue that is characterised by the large quantity of extracellular material present in the spaces between its cells, that may be solid, fibrous, gelatinous or liquid
Connective tissue
the type of stem cell than has a much narrower differentiation potential because many of their genes are switched off already. They also tend to give rise to cell types closely related to the tissue in which they are normally located.
Adult stem cells
the name given to an uncontrolled growth of cells that results in an abnormal mass of cells called a tumour
Cancer
the word used to describe a stem cell that is able to differentiate into any cell type and is capable of giving rise to the complete organism
Totipotent
a form of stem cell that has been differentiated and genetically reprogrammed using transcription factors to switch some of the turned-off genes back on again
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
the name given to the chemical signals and cell cycle regulators that cancerous cells do not respond to
Regulatory Signals
