Unit 1 Chapter 4/5

Question 1

the name given to mutations that involve an alteration of a DNA nucleotide sequence

Answer 1

Single Gene Mutation

Question 2

condition caused by a frameshift mutation

Answer 2

Tay-Sachs Syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis

Question 3

what happens if no protein is produced or a faulty protein is expressed

Answer 3

Mutation

Question 4

the protein whose components are protein and carbohydrate

Answer 4

Glycoproteins

Question 5

the type of substitution mutation where the altered codon codes for an amino acid that still makes sense but not the original sense.

Answer 5

Missense

Question 6

the three types of chromosome mutations

Answer 6

Deletion, Duplication and Translocation

Question 7

the units from which proteins are built and of which there are about 20 different types

Answer 7

Amino Acids

Question 8

the three types of point mutation

Answer 8

Substitution, Insertion, Deletion

Question 9

the type of bonds that hold amino acids together

Answer 9

Peptide

Question 10

the name given to sites on the introns where splicing takes place and where mutations can occur resulting in introns being retained

Answer 10

Splice sites

Question 11

the type of mutation where a repeat of a nucleotide sequence occurs

Answer 11

Nucleotide Sequence Repeat Expansion

Question 12

the name given to agents like X-rays and gamma rays that can increase mutation rate

Answer 12

Mutagenic Agents

Question 13

the type of substitution mutation where a stop codon replaces another codon forming a shorter than normal polypeptide that is unable to function

Answer 13

Nonsense

Question 14

the name given to mutations that involve a change in one DNA nucleotide

Answer 14

Point Mutation

Question 15

the name given to an individual who is affected by a mutation

Answer 15

Mutant

Question 16

the process of post-transcriptional processing of mRNA where introns are removed and exons joined together

Answer 16

Splicing

Question 17

the term used to describe the study of the human genome where the sequence of bases along the DNA is determined

Answer 17

Human Genomics

Question 18

the term used to describe altered genetic sequences that have no negative effect

Answer 18

Neutral

Question 19

the study of the effects(therapeutic, neutral or adverse) of pharmaceutical drugs on the genetically diverse members of the human population

Answer 19

Pharmacogenetics

Question 20

the possible advantages of personal genomic sequencing being used widely in the future

Answer 20

to assess predisposition to a disease, predict risk and reduce risk through drug treatment and lifestyle changes

Question 21

the theory that proposes that humans originated in Africa and underwent early evolutionary divergence in that continent over a very long period of time

Answer 21

‘Out-of-Africa’ Theory

Question 22

the types of gene sequences that can be searched for using bioinformatics

Answer 22

Protein-Coding Sequences, Start Sequences and Stop Codons

Question 23

the factors that most medical disorders depend on for their expression

Answer 23

Genetic and Environmental Factors

Question 24

the name given to the fusion of molecular biology, statistical analysis and computer technology

Answer 24

Bioinformatics

Question 25

the name given to the complete sequencing of a person’s DNA bases

Answer 25

Personal Genome Sequence

Question 26

the technique used to create many copies of a piece of DNA in vitro

Answer 26

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 27

the study of a group of living things with respect to their diversity, relatedness and classification

Answer 27

Systematics

Question 28

the enzymes obtained from a bacterium native to hot springs that adds nucleotides to the primers at the 3’ end of the original DNA strands.

Answer 28

Heat-Tolerant TAQ DNA Polymerase

Question 29

a short, single-stranded fragment of DNA used to detect the presence of a specific sequence of nucleotide bases in a sample of DNA

Answer 29

DNA Probe

Question 30

the variation in DNA sequence that affects a single base pair in a DNA chain

Answer 30

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP)