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Anatomy > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy vs. physiology

A

form vs. function

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2
Q

gross anatomy

A

a microscope is not necessary to examine

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3
Q

microscopoc anatomy

A

a microscope is necessary to examine

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4
Q

developmental anatomy

A

looking at a sequence and growth to see an organisms changes

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5
Q

regional anatomy (gross)

A

to study all of the systems in one part of the body

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6
Q

systemic anatomy (gross)

A

to study one system in depth

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7
Q

surface anatomy (gross)

A

parts of anatomy that you can see on the surface

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8
Q

example of regional anatomy

A

head: bones- skeletal, skin- integumentary, muscle- muscular, blood vessles- cardiovascular

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9
Q

example of systematic anatomy

A

skeletal system

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10
Q

example of surface anatomy

A

bulging eyes

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11
Q

cytology anatomy (microscopic)

A

to look at cells through a microscope

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12
Q

histology anatomy (microscopic)

A

to look at tissues through a microscope

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13
Q

what tool slices tissues thin enough so light can shine through it in the microscope

A

microtone

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14
Q

cyto prefix meaning

A

cells

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15
Q

histo prefix meaning

A

tissue

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16
Q

logy suffix meaning

A

the study of

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17
Q

example of developmental anatomy

A

embryology- studying the different phases that an embryo passes through as it grows

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18
Q

why do red blood cells appear to have white spots in the the middle?

A

red blood cells have a thin spot that allows light to shine through it. the reason that red blood cells have this thin spot is because they lack a nucleous

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19
Q

incisor

A

sharp tool for cutting

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20
Q

molar

A

tooth with flat surface for grinding and chewing

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21
Q

small joints of the hand allow for…

A

allow for flexible movement and a wide range of motion (opposable thumbs)

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22
Q

where are organelles found

A

inside the cell

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23
Q

what are cells

A

the basic unit of life

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24
Q

what are the 4 macromolecular structures

A
  1. lipids: cholesterols
  2. carbohydrates (sugars): glucose
  3. nucleac acids: DNA, RNA
  4. protiens: hemoglobin (found in red blood cells)
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25
Q

cells with a common function ->

A

tissue

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26
Q

tissue with a common function ->

A

organ

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27
Q

organs with a common function ->

A

organ system

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28
Q

purpose of the nervous system

A

to evaluate the environment and help us to adapt to it

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29
Q

main organs of the nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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30
Q

purpose of the respiratory system

A

convert oxygen to CO2

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31
Q

main organs of the respiratory system

A

lungs

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32
Q

another name of the circulatory system

A

cardiovascular system

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33
Q

purpose of circulatory system

A

circulate blood. transportation sytem

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34
Q

main organs in the circulatory system

A

heart and blood vessels

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35
Q

purpose of digestive system

A

break down food and extract macromolecules

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36
Q

main organs in digestive system

A

stomach, large intestine, small intestine

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37
Q

purpose of excretory system

A

dispose of water soluble waste

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38
Q

main organs in excretory system

A

kidneys

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39
Q

purpose of musculatory system

A

allow the body to move

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40
Q

main organs in the muscular system

A

skeletal muscles, tedons

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41
Q

purpose of skeletal sysem

A

protect body and give it structure

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42
Q

main organ of skeletal system

A

bones

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43
Q

purpose of integumentary system

A

layer of protection for the body

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44
Q

main organs of integumentary system

A

skin

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45
Q

purpose of immune system

A

defend the body from infections and virus

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46
Q

main organs in immune system

A

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

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47
Q

purpose of endocrine system

A

regulates bodily development

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48
Q

main organs in endocrine system

A

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands

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49
Q

purpose of reproductive system

A

to reproduce

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50
Q

main organs in the reproductive system

A

men: testes
women: ovaries, uterus

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51
Q

why does the body need sunlight

A

for heat and light energy

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52
Q

why does the body need water

A

the body is 60% water

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53
Q

why does the body need food

A

nutriends and to produce ATP

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54
Q

why does the body need air

A

for oxygen to breathe

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55
Q

why does the body need normal temp and pressure

A

so it can remain at an equalibrium

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56
Q

homeo prefix

A

the same

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57
Q

stasis suffix

A

standing still

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58
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the ability of the body to maintain relativley stable internal conditions despite changes in the externalenvironment

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59
Q

is the body always in a static state

A

no, conditions should always vary and rock back and forth a little bit. this is okay as long as it is within relativley narrow limits.

60
Q

what does the receptor do?

A

detect the problem

61
Q

what does the control center do

A

evaluate data and determine how to solve the problem

62
Q

what does the effector do

A

carry out the corrective action

63
Q

what is negative feedback

A

when the goal is to counteract the initial condition

64
Q

what is positive feedback

A

when the goal is to enhance the initial condition

65
Q

where is the control center

A

in the brain or nervous system

66
Q

what actions does the body take to resolve hypothermia

A

shivering and vasoconstriction

67
Q

what organs are involved in shivering

A

muscules

68
Q

what does shivering do

A

produce heat

69
Q

what does vaso mean in vasoconstriction

A

blood vessels

70
Q

what does vasoconstrition do

A

conserve heat by decreasing blood flow

71
Q

what actions does the body take if someone is suffering with hyperthermia

A

sweat and vasodilation

72
Q

what organs are involved in sweating

A

skin and sweat glands

73
Q

what does sweating do

A

opens up pores, produces water on the skin, has a cooling effect as the water evaporates

74
Q

what does vaso mean in vasodilation

A

blood vessels

75
Q

what does vasodilation do

A

release heat by increasing blood flow, especially to the face, where the heat can escape from the cheeks

76
Q

what is the anatomical position

A

a fixed universal position of reference

77
Q

describe the anatomical position

A

erect body with feet slightly apart, face looking straight forward, arms on the sides with palms facing forward

78
Q

what is the axial

A

the midline or main axis of the human body (head to crotch, dones not go down arms or legs)

79
Q

what are the appendiculars

A

refers to the appendages or limbs (2 upper: arms) (2 lower: legs)

80
Q

sagital plane

A

divides the body into the right and left dut does not have to be in the middle

81
Q

midsagital

A

divides the body into the right and left right down the middle

82
Q

frontal/ coronal plane

A

divides the body into the front (anteior) and back (posterior). does not have to be in the middle

83
Q

transverse/ horizontal plane

A

divides the body into the top and bottom. does not have to be in the middle

84
Q

oblique planes

A

divides the body into any type of angle, rather than vertical or horizontal. divides it randomly

85
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

86
Q

medil

A

toward the midline

87
Q

intermediate

A

between two things

88
Q

how to use intermidiate in a sentence

A

it is intermediate between _ and _

89
Q

cranial/ cephalic

A

towards the head

90
Q

caudal

A

towards the butt

91
Q

posterior/ dorsal

A

back

92
Q

anterior/ ventral

A

front

93
Q

superior (do not use on arms and legs)

A

above

94
Q

inferior (do not use on arms and legs)

A

below

95
Q

proximal (only use for arms and legs)

A

closer to the attachment point

96
Q

distal (only use for arms and legs)

A

away from attachment point

97
Q

what cavities make up the dorsal body cavity

A

the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity

98
Q

what is the cranial cavity

A

the brain

99
Q

what is the vertebral cavity

A

the spinal cord

100
Q

what is the thoratic cavity

A

the heart and lungs

101
Q

what cavities make up the thoracic cavity

A

supirior mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity within the mediastinum

102
Q

what caities make up the ventral body cavity

A

thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

103
Q

what is the abdominal cavity

A

the digestive viscera (organs)

104
Q

what is the pelvic cavity

A

bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

105
Q

in positive feedback, what pathway is the information sent along

A

afferent

106
Q

in positive feedback, the output information is sent along what pathway

A

efferent

107
Q

serosa membranes

A

heart membranes

108
Q

visceral

A

inner

109
Q

parietal

A

outer

110
Q

peri prefix

A

around

111
Q

cardium suffix

A

heart

112
Q

pericardial cavity

A

filled with fluid to avoid friction (heart)

113
Q

visceral pericardium

A

inner lining around the heart

114
Q

parietal pericardium

A

outer lining around heart

115
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer lining around lungs

116
Q

pleural cavity

A

filled with fluid to avoid friction for the lungs

117
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner lining around the lungs

118
Q

pariteal peritoneum

A

outer lining of the diaphram

119
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

where fluid is for diaphram to avoid friction

120
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

the inner lining of the diaphram

121
Q

the basic abdominopelvic quadrants

A

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

122
Q

THEIR right upper region

A

right hyopchondriac region

123
Q

hyop prefix

A

low

124
Q

chondriac suffix

A

cartilage

125
Q

organs in the right hypochondriac region

A

liver, gallbladder

126
Q

upper middle region

A

epigastric region

127
Q

epi prefix

A

above

128
Q

gastric suffix

A

stomach

129
Q

what organs are found in the epigastric region

A

liver, stomach, pancreas

130
Q

THEIR upper left region

A

left hyopchondriac region

131
Q

what organs are found in the left hypochondriac region

A

stomach, pancreas, spleen

132
Q

THEIR right middle region

A

right lumbar (lateral) region

133
Q

what organs are found in the right lumbar region

A

right kidney

134
Q

what is the center region

A

umbilical region

135
Q

what organs arefound in the umbilical region

A

intestine

136
Q

THEIR left center region

A

left lumbar region

137
Q

what organs are found in the left lumbar region

A

left kidney

138
Q

THEIR right bottom region

A

right iliac region

139
Q

what organs are found in the right iliac region

A

appendix

140
Q

bottom middle region

A

hypegastric region

141
Q

hypo prefix

A

below

142
Q

gastric suffix

A

stomach

143
Q

organs found in the hypogastric region

A

bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

144
Q

THEIR left bottom region

A

left iliac region

145
Q

what does every region have

A

intestines

Anatomy (13 decks)

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