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Anatomy > the brain > Flashcards

the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what is cephalization

A

when umans eventually evolved into having heads, it led to a higher concetrartion of sensory organs (eyes mouth nose)

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2
Q

what are the 4 region of the human brain

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres (crebrum)
  2. diencephalon
  3. brain stem
  4. cerebellum
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3
Q

what is another name for the cerebral hemispheres

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

where can you find the cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)

A

theleft and right side of the brain

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5
Q

what is the diencephalon mostly consisted of

A

the thalamus

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6
Q

what are the 3 parts of the brain stem

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
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7
Q

what is the medella the control center of

A

the cardiovascular and respiratory center. meaning, it is what keeps you alive

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8
Q

what is the cerebellus the coordinator for

A

gross movement

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9
Q

what is grey matter

A

nonmeyelinated cell bodies

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10
Q

what is white matter

A

meyelinated axons

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11
Q

what is the basic pattern of the spinal cord

A

the white matter surrounds the grey matter

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12
Q

what is the basic pattern of the brain

A

the grey matter surrounds the white matter

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13
Q

what are ventricles

A

cerebrospinal fluid filled chamnbers that car continuous to one another as well as the centeral canal of the spinal cord

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14
Q

what kind of glial cells line the ventricles

A

ependymal cells

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15
Q

what hemisphere accounts for the majority of the brain’s mass

A

cerebral hemisphere

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16
Q

what are the gyri

A

ridges

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17
Q

what are the sucli

A

shallow grooves

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18
Q

what are the fissures

A

deep grooves

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19
Q

what two hemispheres does the longitudinal fissure seperate

A

the left and right

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20
Q

what does the transverse cerebral fissure seperate

A

the cerebrum and cerebellum

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21
Q

what are the 4 superficial divisions of the brain

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. temporal
  4. occip
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22
Q

what is the one internal division of the brain

A

insua

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23
Q

what two lobes cover the insula

A

the frontal and tempora lobes

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24
Q

what sculcus would be opened to reveal the insula

A

lateral sulcus

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25
Q

what is the cerebral cortex responsible for

A

awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding

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26
Q

what lobe of the brain is responsibe for seeing

A

occipital lobe

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27
Q

what lobe of the brain is responsibe for hearing

A

temporal lobe

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28
Q

what lobes of the brain is responsibe for speaking

A

frontal and temporal

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29
Q

what lobes of the brain are responsibe for thinking

A

all lobes

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30
Q

what are the 3 types of funtional areas in the cerebral cortex

A
  1. motor areas
  2. sensory areas
  3. association areas
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31
Q

what side fo the body does the right side of the brain control

A

left

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32
Q

what lobe are the motor areas of the brain in

A

frontal lobe

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33
Q

what do motor areas of the brain control

A

voluntray movement

34
Q

where is the primary (somatic) motor cortx located

A

the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

35
Q

what does the motor homunculi represent

A

contralateral motor innervention of body regions

36
Q

what is another name for the premotor cortex

A

motor association

37
Q

what does the promotor cortex do

A

helps plan actoions (not peform them). responsible for muscle memory

38
Q

what hemispher is broca’s area found in

A

left hemishpere

39
Q

what is brocas area reponsibe for

A

motor speech

40
Q

what lobe is wernickes are found in

A

temporal lobe

41
Q

what is wernickes area responsibe for

A

telling you what someone is saying to you

42
Q

what id the frontal eye field responsible for

A

controling voluntary eye movement

43
Q

what is the visual sense responsible for

A

seeing

44
Q

wht is the auditory sense responsibe for

A

hearing

45
Q

what is the olfactory sense responsible for

A

smelling

46
Q

what is the gustatory sense responsible for

A

taste

47
Q

what is the vestibular sense responsible for

A

balance, equilibrium

48
Q

wht is the visceral sense responsible for

A

gas, bloating, stomach ache

49
Q

what is the primary somatosensory cortex caipable of

A

spatial discrimination

50
Q

what is spatial discrimination

A

the ability to identify the body region that is being stimulated

51
Q

what region is the somatosensory association cortex in

A

parietal

52
Q

what lobe is the somatosensory association cortex in

A

parietal

53
Q

what does the somatosensory association cortex do

A

determine size texture and relationship of what is being felt

54
Q

what lobe is the primary visual (striate) cortex found in

A

occipital lobe

55
Q

what does the primary visual (striate) cortex do

A

tells you that you see something (not what you see)

56
Q

what lobe is the primary visual association area in

A

occipital lobe

57
Q

what does the visual association area do

A

tells you what you are seeing and help you to recognize faces

58
Q

what lobe is the primary auditory cortex found in

A

temporal lobe

59
Q

what does the primary auditory cortex do

A

tells you that you hear something and the pitch, loudness, and location

60
Q

what lobe is the auditory association are found in

A

temporal lobe

61
Q

what does the auditory association area do

A

tells you what you are hearing

62
Q

what lobe is the vestibular cortex found in

A

insula

63
Q

what does the vestibular cortex do

A

gives you awareness and position of body in space

64
Q

what lobe is the offactory cortex found in

A

temporal lobe

65
Q

what does the olfactory cortex do

A

tells you that you are smelling something

66
Q

what lobe is the gustatory cortex found in

A

insula

67
Q

what does the gustatory cortex do

A

tell you that you are tasting somethig

68
Q

what lobe is the visceral sensory area found in

A

insula

69
Q

what does the visceral sensory area do

A

makes you aware that your stomach hurts or you need to go to the bathroom

70
Q

what are meninges

A

tough connective tissue sheets

71
Q

what are the 3 layers of meninges (superficial -> deep)

A
  1. dura matter
  2. arachnid matter
  3. pia matter
72
Q

which of the 3 layers of meninges has 2 layers

A

dura matter

73
Q

what is the space between the two layers of the dura matter

A

veins with venous blood

74
Q

which of the 3 layers of meninges has finger like projections

A

arachnoid matter

75
Q

what are the finger like projections of the arachnoid matter of the layers of meninges called

A

arachnoid granulations

76
Q

what is the space between the two layes of dura matter called

A

superior sagital sinus/ dural venus sinuses

77
Q

what is venous blood

A

high in CO2 and waste

78
Q

which layer of the meninx is the strongest

A

dura mater

79
Q

what do the arachnoid granulations protrude through

A

the dura mater and into superior sagital sinus

80
Q

what do arachnoid granulations do

A

permit reabsorption of CSF back into venous blood

81
Q

what kind of tissue is pia mater

A

delicate connective tissue

82
Q

what does serebrospinal fluid do

A

protect the brain and spinal cord from blows and trauma. caries chemical signals. floats brain and spinal cord

Anatomy (13 decks)

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