the brain Flashcards
what is cephalization
when umans eventually evolved into having heads, it led to a higher concetrartion of sensory organs (eyes mouth nose)
what are the 4 region of the human brain
- cerebral hemispheres (crebrum)
- diencephalon
- brain stem
- cerebellum
what is another name for the cerebral hemispheres
cerebrum
where can you find the cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)
theleft and right side of the brain
what is the diencephalon mostly consisted of
the thalamus
what are the 3 parts of the brain stem
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
what is the medella the control center of
the cardiovascular and respiratory center. meaning, it is what keeps you alive
what is the cerebellus the coordinator for
gross movement
what is grey matter
nonmeyelinated cell bodies
what is white matter
meyelinated axons
what is the basic pattern of the spinal cord
the white matter surrounds the grey matter
what is the basic pattern of the brain
the grey matter surrounds the white matter
what are ventricles
cerebrospinal fluid filled chamnbers that car continuous to one another as well as the centeral canal of the spinal cord
what kind of glial cells line the ventricles
ependymal cells
what hemisphere accounts for the majority of the brain’s mass
cerebral hemisphere
what are the gyri
ridges
what are the sucli
shallow grooves
what are the fissures
deep grooves
what two hemispheres does the longitudinal fissure seperate
the left and right
what does the transverse cerebral fissure seperate
the cerebrum and cerebellum
what are the 4 superficial divisions of the brain
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occip
what is the one internal division of the brain
insua
what two lobes cover the insula
the frontal and tempora lobes
what sculcus would be opened to reveal the insula
lateral sulcus
what is the cerebral cortex responsible for
awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding
what lobe of the brain is responsibe for seeing
occipital lobe
what lobe of the brain is responsibe for hearing
temporal lobe
what lobes of the brain is responsibe for speaking
frontal and temporal
what lobes of the brain are responsibe for thinking
all lobes
what are the 3 types of funtional areas in the cerebral cortex
- motor areas
- sensory areas
- association areas
what side fo the body does the right side of the brain control
left
what lobe are the motor areas of the brain in
frontal lobe
what do motor areas of the brain control
voluntray movement
where is the primary (somatic) motor cortx located
the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
what does the motor homunculi represent
contralateral motor innervention of body regions
what is another name for the premotor cortex
motor association
what does the promotor cortex do
helps plan actoions (not peform them). responsible for muscle memory
what hemispher is broca’s area found in
left hemishpere
what is brocas area reponsibe for
motor speech
what lobe is wernickes are found in
temporal lobe
what is wernickes area responsibe for
telling you what someone is saying to you
what id the frontal eye field responsible for
controling voluntary eye movement
what is the visual sense responsible for
seeing
wht is the auditory sense responsibe for
hearing
what is the olfactory sense responsible for
smelling
what is the gustatory sense responsible for
taste
what is the vestibular sense responsible for
balance, equilibrium
wht is the visceral sense responsible for
gas, bloating, stomach ache
what is the primary somatosensory cortex caipable of
spatial discrimination
what is spatial discrimination
the ability to identify the body region that is being stimulated
what region is the somatosensory association cortex in
parietal
what lobe is the somatosensory association cortex in
parietal
what does the somatosensory association cortex do
determine size texture and relationship of what is being felt
what lobe is the primary visual (striate) cortex found in
occipital lobe
what does the primary visual (striate) cortex do
tells you that you see something (not what you see)
what lobe is the primary visual association area in
occipital lobe
what does the visual association area do
tells you what you are seeing and help you to recognize faces
what lobe is the primary auditory cortex found in
temporal lobe
what does the primary auditory cortex do
tells you that you hear something and the pitch, loudness, and location
what lobe is the auditory association are found in
temporal lobe
what does the auditory association area do
tells you what you are hearing
what lobe is the vestibular cortex found in
insula
what does the vestibular cortex do
gives you awareness and position of body in space
what lobe is the offactory cortex found in
temporal lobe
what does the olfactory cortex do
tells you that you are smelling something
what lobe is the gustatory cortex found in
insula
what does the gustatory cortex do
tell you that you are tasting somethig
what lobe is the visceral sensory area found in
insula
what does the visceral sensory area do
makes you aware that your stomach hurts or you need to go to the bathroom
what are meninges
tough connective tissue sheets
what are the 3 layers of meninges (superficial -> deep)
- dura matter
- arachnid matter
- pia matter
which of the 3 layers of meninges has 2 layers
dura matter
what is the space between the two layers of the dura matter
veins with venous blood
which of the 3 layers of meninges has finger like projections
arachnoid matter
what are the finger like projections of the arachnoid matter of the layers of meninges called
arachnoid granulations
what is the space between the two layes of dura matter called
superior sagital sinus/ dural venus sinuses
what is venous blood
high in CO2 and waste
which layer of the meninx is the strongest
dura mater
what do the arachnoid granulations protrude through
the dura mater and into superior sagital sinus
what do arachnoid granulations do
permit reabsorption of CSF back into venous blood
what kind of tissue is pia mater
delicate connective tissue
what does serebrospinal fluid do
protect the brain and spinal cord from blows and trauma. caries chemical signals. floats brain and spinal cord
