muscle and nervous tissue Flashcards
what is the unique feature of muscle tissue
it has the ability to contract
when is muscle tissue able to generate force
when it is contracted
what allows muscle tissue to contract
actin and myosin
what are actin and myosin
contracile proteins
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue
- skeletal muscle
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
what is the only kind of voluntary muscle tissue
skeletal muscle
what does it mean that the skeltal muscle tissue is voluntary
it is under our own control
what does it mean for muscle tissue to be striated
it alternates between light and dark bands (lines)
which types of muscle tissue is striated
skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
where is skeletal muscle tissue attached
the bones
skeletal muscle tissue being attached to the bones allows for what
movement of body parts
what is the only kind of muscle tissue that is not striated
smoothe muscle tissue
what kind of mussle tissue is involuntary
smoothe muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue
what type of muscle tissue is not striated
smoothe muscle tissue
what does smoothe muscle tissue line
the walls of the intestines, bladder, and blood vessels
where is cardiac muscle tissue
in the heart wall
what kind of muscle tissue has branched cells
cardiac muscle tissue
why does cardiac muscle tissue have branched cells
so when it contracts, all the cells work together as one
what shape are the fibers of smooth muscle tissue
spindle-shaped
does smooth muscle tissue have unicleated or multinucleated fibers
uninucleated
where can you find smooth muscle tissue
the walls of internal organs
does cardiac muscle tissue have unicleated or multinucleated fibers
uninucleated
what shape are cardiac musscle tissue fibers
branched
does skeletal muscle tissue have unicleated or multinucleated fibers
multinucleated
what shape are skeletal muscle tissue fibers
tubular
in the neuron of nervous tissue, what direction do messages travel
from the dendrites to the axon terminals
what do dendrites look like
branches from one focus point (nucleus)
what do axon terminals look like
little branches coming out of a string
what is the main component of the nervous system
the brain, spinal cord, and nerves)
what is the purpose of nervous tissue
regulate and control body functions, sensation, and action
how does nervous tissue regulate and control body functions, sensation, and action
responding to stimuli and transmitting electrical impulses
what is the special feature of nervous tissue
to transmit electrical impulses
what are th two major cell types in nervous tissue
neurons and supporting cells (glial cells)
what is another word for supporting cells
glial cells
what are the 5 types of glial cells
- microglia
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- schwann cells
- ependymal cells
what 2 types of glial cells have the same purpose in different locations
oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
what is the purpose of microglia
engulf bacteria and debris
how do microglia cells engulf
phagocytosis
what is the purpose of astrocytes
support and provide nutrients to neurons
what is the purpose of oligodendrocyte cells
form the myelin sheath
where do oligodendrocyte cells form the myelin sheath
the brain and spinal cord
what is the purpose of schwann cells
form the myelin sheath
where do schwann cells form the myelin sheath
peripheral nerves
what is the purpose of ependymal cells
to line cavities of the nervous system and regulate flow of cerebrospinal fluid
what is membrane
sheets of cells
what are the body’s covering and lining membranes
cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes
is cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes unicellular or multicellular
multicellular
what is the structure of cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes
continuous, multicellular sheets made up of an outer epithelium bound to an underlying connective tissue layer
what is the cutaneous membrane
skin
what is another word for mucous membrane
mucosae
what is the purpose of mucous membrane
connects with the skin at certain points/ enters body
where can mucous membrane be found
lips, nose, eyelid, rip of urethra/ vagina/ anal
what is another word for serous membrane
serosae
what is the purpose of serous membrane
the visceral and partial lining of body covity and organs
what does peritoneum mean
abdominal organs
what does plueral mean
lungs
what does pericardium mean
heart
what are characteristics of the cutaneous membrane
dry, elastic, waterproof
what is the only nervous tissue that is keratinized
cutaneous membrane
what kind of epithelial cells is the cutaneos membrane made of
stratisfied squamous
in the part of membrane that has no nuclei cells…
cannot regenerate
in the stratisfied squamous part of membrane (has nuclei) the cells…
art activley being replaced
what is the epidermis
the epithelial part of membrane
is mucous membrane keratinized
no
what specific body cavities does the mucous membrane line
those that open to the outside
what art some examples of body cavities that mucous membrane lines
digestive, respiratory, urogenital systems
what kind of epithilium does mucous membrane have
stratisfied squamous OR simple columnar
what is the areolar connective tissue in mucous membranes called
lamina propria
what is the structure of mucous membranes
epithilial tissue (stratisfied squamous or simple columnar) over a layer of areolar connective tissue (lamina propria)
what kind of body cavities can serous membranes be found in
closed, ventral body cavities
are serous membranes moist or dry
moist
what kind of epithilium does serous membrane have
simple squamous
what is the simple squamous epithelipum in seoud membrane called
mesothelium
what is the structure of serous membrane
epithiial tissue (simple squamous/ mesotheilium) resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue
what is the purpose of serous fluid
to allo the visceral and parietal membranes to easily slide against eachother
how does serous membrane work
mesothelium (simple squamous epithilium) secretes hyaluronic acid to the serous fluid found between the visceral and parietal membranes
what are the 3 steps to tissue repain
- inflammation sets the stage
- organization restores the blood supply
- regeneration and fibrosis effect repair
when you cut yourself what does it mean if you start to bleed
the capillaries were cut
when you cut yourself what does it mean if you do not start bleeding
capillaries vere not cut (avasculor)
how can you cut yourself without causing bleeding
splinter/ puncture
when you cut yourself and start to bleed, what enters the body
bacteria
when you cut yourself and start to bleed what is the inflamation response
swollen, redness, pain, heat
when you cut yourself and start to bleed what is the chemical response
leaky capillaries -> more white blood cells can pass through
what is the next step after the inflamation response for small wounds
a scab starts to form (coagulation)
what is the term for the beginning of clotting/ scabbing
coagulation
what is the next step after the scab starts to form (coagulation)
new blood vessels form (granulation)
what is the term for new blood vessel being formed
granulation
what is the next step after new blood vessels being formed (granulation)
repair
what are the different processes during the repairing step after bleeding
- epitheial tissue is regenerates
- scar formation
when you injure your tissue what does an increase in blood flow lead to
heat/ redness
whe you injure your tissue what does fluid relates into tissue lead to
swelling
when you injure your tissue what does extravasation of leukocytes to cite of injury lead to
pain
what is another word for heat
calor
what is another word for redness
rubor
what is another word for swelling
tumor
what is another word for tenderness
dolor
what is another word for pain
dolor
what is the second stage of tissue recovery
granulation tissue
what does hypopigmented mean
the skin is lighter than the surrounding skin
what does hyperpigminted mean
the skin is lighter than the surrounding skin
