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Anatomy > muscle and nervous tissue > Flashcards

muscle and nervous tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what is the unique feature of muscle tissue

A

it has the ability to contract

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2
Q

when is muscle tissue able to generate force

A

when it is contracted

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3
Q

what allows muscle tissue to contract

A

actin and myosin

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4
Q

what are actin and myosin

A

contracile proteins

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. skeletal muscle
  2. smooth muscle
  3. cardiac muscle
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6
Q

what is the only kind of voluntary muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle

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7
Q

what does it mean that the skeltal muscle tissue is voluntary

A

it is under our own control

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8
Q

what does it mean for muscle tissue to be striated

A

it alternates between light and dark bands (lines)

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9
Q

which types of muscle tissue is striated

A

skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

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10
Q

where is skeletal muscle tissue attached

A

the bones

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11
Q

skeletal muscle tissue being attached to the bones allows for what

A

movement of body parts

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12
Q

what is the only kind of muscle tissue that is not striated

A

smoothe muscle tissue

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13
Q

what kind of mussle tissue is involuntary

A

smoothe muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue

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14
Q

what type of muscle tissue is not striated

A

smoothe muscle tissue

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15
Q

what does smoothe muscle tissue line

A

the walls of the intestines, bladder, and blood vessels

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16
Q

where is cardiac muscle tissue

A

in the heart wall

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17
Q

what kind of muscle tissue has branched cells

A

cardiac muscle tissue

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18
Q

why does cardiac muscle tissue have branched cells

A

so when it contracts, all the cells work together as one

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19
Q

what shape are the fibers of smooth muscle tissue

A

spindle-shaped

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20
Q

does smooth muscle tissue have unicleated or multinucleated fibers

A

uninucleated

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21
Q

where can you find smooth muscle tissue

A

the walls of internal organs

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22
Q

does cardiac muscle tissue have unicleated or multinucleated fibers

A

uninucleated

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23
Q

what shape are cardiac musscle tissue fibers

A

branched

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24
Q

does skeletal muscle tissue have unicleated or multinucleated fibers

A

multinucleated

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25
Q

what shape are skeletal muscle tissue fibers

A

tubular

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26
Q

in the neuron of nervous tissue, what direction do messages travel

A

from the dendrites to the axon terminals

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27
Q

what do dendrites look like

A

branches from one focus point (nucleus)

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28
Q

what do axon terminals look like

A

little branches coming out of a string

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29
Q

what is the main component of the nervous system

A

the brain, spinal cord, and nerves)

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30
Q

what is the purpose of nervous tissue

A

regulate and control body functions, sensation, and action

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31
Q

how does nervous tissue regulate and control body functions, sensation, and action

A

responding to stimuli and transmitting electrical impulses

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32
Q

what is the special feature of nervous tissue

A

to transmit electrical impulses

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33
Q

what are th two major cell types in nervous tissue

A

neurons and supporting cells (glial cells)

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34
Q

what is another word for supporting cells

A

glial cells

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35
Q

what are the 5 types of glial cells

A
  1. microglia
  2. astrocytes
  3. oligodendrocytes
  4. schwann cells
  5. ependymal cells
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36
Q

what 2 types of glial cells have the same purpose in different locations

A

oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

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37
Q

what is the purpose of microglia

A

engulf bacteria and debris

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38
Q

how do microglia cells engulf

A

phagocytosis

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39
Q

what is the purpose of astrocytes

A

support and provide nutrients to neurons

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40
Q

what is the purpose of oligodendrocyte cells

A

form the myelin sheath

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41
Q

where do oligodendrocyte cells form the myelin sheath

A

the brain and spinal cord

42
Q

what is the purpose of schwann cells

A

form the myelin sheath

43
Q

where do schwann cells form the myelin sheath

A

peripheral nerves

44
Q

what is the purpose of ependymal cells

A

to line cavities of the nervous system and regulate flow of cerebrospinal fluid

45
Q

what is membrane

A

sheets of cells

46
Q

what are the body’s covering and lining membranes

A

cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes

47
Q

is cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes unicellular or multicellular

A

multicellular

48
Q

what is the structure of cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes

A

continuous, multicellular sheets made up of an outer epithelium bound to an underlying connective tissue layer

49
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane

A

skin

50
Q

what is another word for mucous membrane

A

mucosae

51
Q

what is the purpose of mucous membrane

A

connects with the skin at certain points/ enters body

52
Q

where can mucous membrane be found

A

lips, nose, eyelid, rip of urethra/ vagina/ anal

53
Q

what is another word for serous membrane

A

serosae

54
Q

what is the purpose of serous membrane

A

the visceral and partial lining of body covity and organs

55
Q

what does peritoneum mean

A

abdominal organs

56
Q

what does plueral mean

A

lungs

57
Q

what does pericardium mean

A

heart

58
Q

what are characteristics of the cutaneous membrane

A

dry, elastic, waterproof

59
Q

what is the only nervous tissue that is keratinized

A

cutaneous membrane

60
Q

what kind of epithelial cells is the cutaneos membrane made of

A

stratisfied squamous

61
Q

in the part of membrane that has no nuclei cells…

A

cannot regenerate

62
Q

in the stratisfied squamous part of membrane (has nuclei) the cells…

A

art activley being replaced

63
Q

what is the epidermis

A

the epithelial part of membrane

64
Q

is mucous membrane keratinized

A

no

65
Q

what specific body cavities does the mucous membrane line

A

those that open to the outside

66
Q

what art some examples of body cavities that mucous membrane lines

A

digestive, respiratory, urogenital systems

67
Q

what kind of epithilium does mucous membrane have

A

stratisfied squamous OR simple columnar

68
Q

what is the areolar connective tissue in mucous membranes called

A

lamina propria

69
Q

what is the structure of mucous membranes

A

epithilial tissue (stratisfied squamous or simple columnar) over a layer of areolar connective tissue (lamina propria)

70
Q

what kind of body cavities can serous membranes be found in

A

closed, ventral body cavities

71
Q

are serous membranes moist or dry

A

moist

72
Q

what kind of epithilium does serous membrane have

A

simple squamous

73
Q

what is the simple squamous epithelipum in seoud membrane called

A

mesothelium

74
Q

what is the structure of serous membrane

A

epithiial tissue (simple squamous/ mesotheilium) resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

75
Q

what is the purpose of serous fluid

A

to allo the visceral and parietal membranes to easily slide against eachother

76
Q

how does serous membrane work

A

mesothelium (simple squamous epithilium) secretes hyaluronic acid to the serous fluid found between the visceral and parietal membranes

77
Q

what are the 3 steps to tissue repain

A
  1. inflammation sets the stage
  2. organization restores the blood supply
  3. regeneration and fibrosis effect repair
78
Q

when you cut yourself what does it mean if you start to bleed

A

the capillaries were cut

79
Q

when you cut yourself what does it mean if you do not start bleeding

A

capillaries vere not cut (avasculor)

80
Q

how can you cut yourself without causing bleeding

A

splinter/ puncture

81
Q

when you cut yourself and start to bleed, what enters the body

A

bacteria

82
Q

when you cut yourself and start to bleed what is the inflamation response

A

swollen, redness, pain, heat

83
Q

when you cut yourself and start to bleed what is the chemical response

A

leaky capillaries -> more white blood cells can pass through

84
Q

what is the next step after the inflamation response for small wounds

A

a scab starts to form (coagulation)

85
Q

what is the term for the beginning of clotting/ scabbing

A

coagulation

86
Q

what is the next step after the scab starts to form (coagulation)

A

new blood vessels form (granulation)

87
Q

what is the term for new blood vessel being formed

A

granulation

88
Q

what is the next step after new blood vessels being formed (granulation)

A

repair

89
Q

what are the different processes during the repairing step after bleeding

A
  1. epitheial tissue is regenerates
  2. scar formation
90
Q

when you injure your tissue what does an increase in blood flow lead to

A

heat/ redness

91
Q

whe you injure your tissue what does fluid relates into tissue lead to

A

swelling

92
Q

when you injure your tissue what does extravasation of leukocytes to cite of injury lead to

A

pain

93
Q

what is another word for heat

A

calor

94
Q

what is another word for redness

A

rubor

95
Q

what is another word for swelling

A

tumor

96
Q

what is another word for tenderness

A

dolor

97
Q

what is another word for pain

A

dolor

98
Q

what is the second stage of tissue recovery

A

granulation tissue

99
Q

what does hypopigmented mean

A

the skin is lighter than the surrounding skin

100
Q

what does hyperpigminted mean

A

the skin is lighter than the surrounding skin

Anatomy (13 decks)

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