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C118 TOURISM 1ST YEAR 1ST SEM > Understanding The Self (SS021) > Flashcards

Understanding The Self (SS021) Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of human society, its development, structure, function, and social interaction

A

Sociology

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2
Q

In contemporary literature, is commonly defined by the following characteristics: “separate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and private.

A

Self

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3
Q

Characteristics of the self

A

Separate
Self-contained
Independent
Consistent
Unitary
Private

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4
Q

Social constructivists argue that the self has to be seen as something that is in ___ ___ with external reality and is ___ in its dealings with society

A

constant struggle, flexible

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5
Q

The self is ___ __ ___ with ___ ___ and its identity is subjected to influences here and there.

A

always in participation, social life

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6
Q

An American Sociologist

A

George Herber Mead

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7
Q

Father of American pragmatism

A

George Herber Mead

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8
Q

Mead ___ the idea of ___ ___ __ __ ___

A

rejected, biological determination of the self

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9
Q

What are the two components of the self

A

I , ME

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10
Q

The reaction of the individual to the attitude of others, as well as the manifestation of the individuality of the person

A

I

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11
Q

The characteristics, behavior, and actions done by a person that follows the “generalized others

A

ME

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12
Q

Mead’s Three Role Playing Stage of Self-Development

A

The preparatory stage (birth - 2 years old) , The play stage (2 - 6 years old), The game stage (6 - 9 years old)

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13
Q

During this stage the infant simply imitates the actions and behaviors of the people that the infant interacts with.

A

The preparatory stage (birth - 2 years old)

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14
Q

The time when children begin to interact with other with which certain rules apply

A

The play stage (2- 6 years old)

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15
Q

Rules that are set by the children themselves.

A

The play stage (2- 6 years old)

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16
Q

Ability of the children to recognize the rules of the game and be able to identify their roles and the roles of the others that are playing with them.

A

The game stage (6 - 9 years old)

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17
Q

The final stage of self-development

A

The game stage (6 - 9 years old)

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18
Q

Studies the human species and its immediate ancestor and the systematic exploration of human biology and cultural diversity.

A

Anthropology

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19
Q

___influences the development of the self through ___

A

Culture, Enculturation

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20
Q

4 Subdisciplines of Anthropology

A

Cultural Anthropology, Archeological Anthropology, Biological or Physical Anthropology. Linguistic Anthropology

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21
Q

The study of human society and culture which describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.

A

Cultural Anthropology

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22
Q

___ requires fieldwork to collect data, often ___ and ___ to the group.

A

Ethnography, Descriptive, Specific

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23
Q

___ uses data collected by a series of research, usually ___ and ___

A

Ethnology, Synthetic, Comparative

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24
Q

This reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains.

A

Archeological Anthropology

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25
Q

It focuses on human evolution as revealed by the fossil, human genetics, human growth and development, human biological plasticity, and biology.

A

Biological or Physical Anthropology

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26
Q

It studies language in its social and cultural context across space and over time.

A

Linguistic Anthropology

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27
Q

refers to customary behavior and beliefs that are passed on through enculturation (Kottak, 2008).

A

Culture

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28
Q

Is the social process by which culture is learned and transmitted

A

Enculturation

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29
Q

Is a social process that is learned and passed from one generation to the next.

A

Culture

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30
Q

He elaborated that the human body is not essential for anthropological study

A

Csordas (1999)

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31
Q

The body is not an __ to be studied in relation to culture but is to be considered as the __ of culture

A

Object, Subject

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32
Q

He described culture as “a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life“

A

Geerts (1973)

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33
Q

The study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries that involve answering questions regarding the nature and existence of man and the world we live in

A

Philosophy

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34
Q

Philosophy is derived from the ___ words: ___ - ___ and ___ - ___

A

Greek, Philos, Love, Sophos, Wisdom

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35
Q

Considered the first martyr of education, knowledge, and philosophy

A

Socrates

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36
Q

Plato was his student

A

Socrates

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37
Q

His philosophy underlies the importance of “Knowing oneself”

A

Socrates

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38
Q

According to Socrates what is man’s goal in life

A

To obtain happiness

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39
Q

He believe that the only way for us to understand ourselves is through internal questioning or introspection

A

Socrates

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40
Q

One of the most renowned thinker of his time

A

Plato

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41
Q

The father of the academy

A

Plato

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42
Q

A student of Socrates

A

Plato

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43
Q

He followed his teacher and the idea of knowing thyself through his works

A

Plato

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44
Q

Believed in the division of a person’s body and soul

A

Plato

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45
Q

Plato’s 3 parts of the soul

A

Appetitive Soul, Spirited Soul, Rational Soul

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46
Q

The part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself.

A

Appetitive Soul

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47
Q

Satisfaction involves physical needs, pleasure, and desires

A

Appetitive Soul

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48
Q

The part of the soul can be attributed to the courageous part of a person

A

Spirited Soul

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49
Q

One who wants to do something or to right the wrongs that they observe

A

Spirited Soul

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50
Q

The part of the soul that is the driver of our lives

A

Rational Soul

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51
Q

The part that thinks and plans for the future “the conscious mind”

A

Rational Soul

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52
Q

A Saint and a Philosopher of the church

A

St. Augustine

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53
Q

His work’s focal point is how God and his teachings affect various aspects of life

A

St. Augustine

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54
Q

His idea of a man and how to understand who we are as a person is related to our understanding of who we are and how we question ourselves

A

St. Augustine

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55
Q

He believes that our notion of ourselves and our idea of existence comes from a higher form of sense in which bodily senses may not perceive or understand

A

St. Augustine

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56
Q

A French Philosopher; the Father of Modern Philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

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57
Q

His belief in modern dualism or the existence of body and mind and its implication to one’s existence

A

Rene Descartes

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58
Q

Continuous process of questioning what we perceive and accepting the fact that doubting and asking questions is a part of one’s existence

A

Methodical Doubt

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59
Q

A person is comprised of mind and body

A

Rene Descartes

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60
Q

“Cogito Ergo Sum”

A

I think Therefore I am

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61
Q

“I think therefore I am”

A

“Cogito Ergo Sum”

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62
Q

An English Philosopher and Physician

A

John Locke

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63
Q

The Father of Classical Liberalism

A

John Locke

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64
Q

His work on the self is most represented by the concept “Tabula Rasa,” which means a Blank Slate.

A

John Locke

65
Q

He believed that the experiences and perceptions of a person are essential in the establishment of who that person can become.

A

John Locke

66
Q

He stated that a person is born knowing nothing

A

John Locke

67
Q

A Scottish Philosopher

A

David Hume

68
Q

He focused his work in the field of Empiricism, Skepticism, and Naturalism

A

David Hume

69
Q

David Hume focused his work in the field of ___, ___, ___

A

Empiricism, Skepticism, Naturalism

70
Q

According to him, there is no permanent “self”

A

David Hume

71
Q

According to him, impressions of things are based on our experiences

A

David Hume

72
Q

He has a behavioristic approach to self

A

Gilbert Ryle

73
Q

His notion of dualism is that the behavior that we show, emotions, and actions are the reflection of our mind and as such the manifestation of who we are

A

Gilbert Ryle

74
Q

He does not believe that the mind and body are two separate entities

A

Gilbert Ryle

75
Q

The man is a complex machine with different functioning parts, intelligence, and other characteristics; the ghost in the said machine represents the behavior of man

A

Ghost in the machine view

76
Q

A French philosopher; known for his works on existentialism and phenomenology

A

Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty

77
Q

Maurice Jean is known for his works on ___ and ___

A

Existentialism, Phenomenology

78
Q

His idea of the self: regarded that the body and mind are the same

A

Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty

78
Q

The idea of gestalt ideation where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts pushed his idea on the unity of the function of the mind and body

A

Phenomenology of Perception

79
Q

Phenomenology of Perception

A

The Body, The Perceived World, The People and the World

80
Q

Both receive the experience as well as integrate such experiences in the different perception

A

The Body

81
Q

Which are the accumulation of the perception as integrated by the experiences of the body

A

The Perceived World

82
Q

Enable one to not only be able to integrate the other objects in the world but also to be able to experience the cultural aspect and relate to others

A

The People and the World

83
Q

An Austrian Psychologist, and Physician

A

Sigmund Freud

84
Q

Father of psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

85
Q

Known for his work on human nature and the unconscious.

A

Sigmund Freud

86
Q

he believed that man has different constructs of personality that interact with each other and, along with his concept of the different levels of consciousness

A

Sigmund Freud

87
Q

Freud’s Aspects of Personality

A

ID, SUPEREGO, EGO

88
Q

The center of primitive and animalistic impulses

A

ID

89
Q

Its attention is on the satisfaction of one’s needs

A

ID

90
Q

Pleasure principle

A

ID

91
Q

The conscience of one’s personality; right or wrong

A

SUPEREGO

92
Q

Has the inclination to uphold justice and do what is morally right and socially acceptable

A

SUPEREGO

93
Q

Moral Principle

A

SUPEREGO

94
Q

Operates between the boundaries of reality

A

EGO

95
Q

The mediator of ID and SUPEREGO

A

EGO

96
Q

Reality principle

A

EGO

97
Q

He believed that we are a by-product of our experiences in the past. And that our actions are driven by the idea of resisting or avoiding pain and are molded from our need for pleasure or happiness.

A

Sigmund Freud

98
Q

Levels of Consciousness

A

Conscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious

99
Q

These are the things we are aware of

A

Conscious

100
Q

The minority of our memories are being stored and are easier to tap or access

A

Conscious

101
Q

These are the things we could pay conscious attention to if we so desired

A

Pre-conscious

102
Q

Memories stored in this area can still be accessed but with little difficulty

A

Pre-conscious

103
Q

Consists of those things that are outside of conscious awareness including many memories and thoughts of which we are not aware

A

Unconscious

104
Q

Psychology is derived from the Greek words: __ - ___, ___, ___-___

A

Psyche, Mind, Soul, Logos, To study

105
Q

A scientific study of the mind and behavior

A

Psychology

106
Q

A science that studies in understanding a person and provides various ways of helping people understand themselves.

A

Psychology

107
Q

A reference by an individual to the same individual person

A

Self

108
Q

One of the earliest psychologists to study the self

A

William James

109
Q

Conceptualized the self as having two aspects

A

William James

110
Q

The self-thought or the self-knower

A

I-Self

111
Q

Subjective self: Describing oneself using once own perspective

A

I-Self

112
Q

The experienced self or the self as known

A

Me-Self

113
Q

Objective self: The self that you can describe through physical or psychological qualities

A

Me-Self

114
Q

What are the three subcategories of the Self

A

The Material Self, The Social Self, The Spiritual Self

115
Q

Constituted by our bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home

A

The Material Self

116
Q

Based on our interactions with society and the reaction of people towards us

A

The Social Self

117
Q

Varies as to how we present ourselves to a particular social group

A

The Social Self

118
Q

The most intimate because it is more satisfying for the person that they have the ability to argue and discriminate one’s moral sensibility, conscience and indomitable will

A

The Spiritual Self

119
Q

An American psychologist who came up with his conception of self through the intervention he used for his client, the client-centered therapy

A

Carl Rogers

120
Q

He believes that people must be fully honest with themselves in order to have personal discovery on oneself.

A

Carl Rogers

121
Q

-Self-worth
-How the person sees self and how others see them

A

The Perceived Self

122
Q

-Self-image
-How the person really is; your self-concept

A

The Real Self

123
Q

The self who you would like to be

A

The Ideal Self

124
Q

Rooted from early infancy is called the simple being.

A

True Self

125
Q

The sense of self based on spontaneous authentic experience and feeling of being alive, having “real self”.

A

True Self

126
Q

Our defense facade

A

Fake Self

127
Q

Overlaying or contradicting the original sense of self

A

Fake Self

128
Q

We might build a false set of relationships by concealing a barren emptiness behind an independent-seeming façade.

A

Fake Self

129
Q

An ego psychologist who developed one of the most popular and influential theories of development.

A

Erik Erikson

130
Q

His theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development.

A

Erik Erikson

131
Q

Psychosocial Development Stages

A

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair

132
Q

Focus on oneself and personal dualities

A

Western

133
Q

Egoistic culture

A

Western

134
Q

Acquisition of material things

A

Western

135
Q

Obsessed with being successful

A

Western

136
Q

Subscribe to the idea of evolution

A

Western

137
Q

Western Thought of the Self

A

-Self is a social construct
-Self is intimately connected to bodily experience
-Self takes form in communication

138
Q

Focus on others and the feelings of others

A

Eastern

139
Q

Collectivistic culture

A
140
Q

Less assets (less is more)

A

Eastern

141
Q

More inclined towards a long life

A
142
Q

Subscribe to the idea of reincarnation

A

Eastern

143
Q

Eastern Thought of the Self

A

Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism

144
Q

Following the moral ways that consist of virtues to promote harmony of the society.

A

Confucianism

145
Q

Having the belief that we are part of the same ever-changing universe and breaking the attachments of the self with the world to attain the state of Nirvana.

A

Buddhism

146
Q

Living in the way of the Tao or the universe; the ideal self is selflessness living a balanced life with society and nature

A

Taoism

147
Q

Attaining liberation in the identification of the spiritual essence of all human beings and the spiritual essence of the universe

A

Hinduism

148
Q

Recognition of shared identity,
An inner self shared with others

A

The Concept of KAPWA

149
Q

-Individualistic
-Duality
-Talks about personal attributes
-Values competition

A

Western

150
Q

-Collectivistic
-Consider other people as part of themselves
-Talks about their social roles
-Values cooperation

A

Eastern

151
Q

People are autonomous and independent from their in-groups

A

Individualism

152
Q

Give priority to the personal goals of their groups

A

Individualism

153
Q

Behave on the basis of attitudes rather than norms

A

Individualism

154
Q

Interdependent within their in-groups

A

Collectivism

155
Q

Give priority to the goals of their in-groups

A

Collectivism

156
Q

In-groups primarily shape their behavior

A

Collectivism

157
Q

Behave in a communal way

A

Collectivism

158
Q

Concerned with maintaining relationships with others

A

Collectivism

C118 TOURISM 1ST YEAR 1ST SEM (8 decks)

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