Understanding The Self (SS021) Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
is the study of human society, its development, structure, function, and social interaction
A
Sociology
2
Q
In contemporary literature, is commonly defined by the following characteristics: “separate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and private.
A
Self
3
Q
Characteristics of the self
A
Separate
Self-contained
Independent
Consistent
Unitary
Private
4
Q
Social constructivists argue that the self has to be seen as something that is in ___ ___ with external reality and is ___ in its dealings with society
A
constant struggle, flexible
5
Q
The self is ___ __ ___ with ___ ___ and its identity is subjected to influences here and there.
A
always in participation, social life
6
Q
An American Sociologist
A
George Herber Mead
7
Q
Father of American pragmatism
A
George Herber Mead
8
Q
Mead ___ the idea of ___ ___ __ __ ___
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rejected, biological determination of the self
9
Q
What are the two components of the self
A
I , ME
10
Q
The reaction of the individual to the attitude of others, as well as the manifestation of the individuality of the person
A
I
11
Q
The characteristics, behavior, and actions done by a person that follows the “generalized others
A
ME
12
Q
Mead’s Three Role Playing Stage of Self-Development
A
The preparatory stage (birth - 2 years old) , The play stage (2 - 6 years old), The game stage (6 - 9 years old)
13
Q
During this stage the infant simply imitates the actions and behaviors of the people that the infant interacts with.
A
The preparatory stage (birth - 2 years old)
14
Q
The time when children begin to interact with other with which certain rules apply
A
The play stage (2- 6 years old)
15
Q
Rules that are set by the children themselves.
A
The play stage (2- 6 years old)
16
Q
Ability of the children to recognize the rules of the game and be able to identify their roles and the roles of the others that are playing with them.
A
The game stage (6 - 9 years old)
17
Q
The final stage of self-development
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The game stage (6 - 9 years old)
18
Q
Studies the human species and its immediate ancestor and the systematic exploration of human biology and cultural diversity.
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Anthropology
19
Q
___influences the development of the self through ___
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Culture, Enculturation
20
Q
4 Subdisciplines of Anthropology
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Cultural Anthropology, Archeological Anthropology, Biological or Physical Anthropology. Linguistic Anthropology
21
Q
The study of human society and culture which describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.
A
Cultural Anthropology
22
Q
___ requires fieldwork to collect data, often ___ and ___ to the group.
A
Ethnography, Descriptive, Specific
23
Q
___ uses data collected by a series of research, usually ___ and ___
A
Ethnology, Synthetic, Comparative
24
Q
This reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains.
A
Archeological Anthropology
25
It focuses on human evolution as revealed by the fossil, human genetics, human growth and development, human biological plasticity, and biology.
Biological or Physical Anthropology
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It studies language in its social and cultural context across space and over time.
Linguistic Anthropology
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refers to customary behavior and beliefs that are passed on through enculturation (Kottak, 2008).
Culture
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Is the social process by which culture is learned and transmitted
Enculturation
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Is a social process that is learned and passed from one generation to the next.
Culture
30
He elaborated that the human body is not essential for anthropological study
Csordas (1999)
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The body is not an __ to be studied in relation to culture but is to be considered as the __ of culture
Object, Subject
32
He described culture as "a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life“
Geerts (1973)
33
The study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries that involve answering questions regarding the nature and existence of man and the world we live in
Philosophy
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Philosophy is derived from the ___ words: ___ - ___ and ___ - ___
Greek, Philos, Love, Sophos, Wisdom
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Considered the first martyr of education, knowledge, and philosophy
Socrates
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Plato was his student
Socrates
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His philosophy underlies the importance of “Knowing oneself”
Socrates
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According to Socrates what is man's goal in life
To obtain happiness
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He believe that the only way for us to understand ourselves is through internal questioning or introspection
Socrates
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One of the most renowned thinker of his time
Plato
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The father of the academy
Plato
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A student of Socrates
Plato
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He followed his teacher and the idea of knowing thyself through his works
Plato
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Believed in the division of a person’s body and soul
Plato
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Plato's 3 parts of the soul
Appetitive Soul, Spirited Soul, Rational Soul
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The part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself.
Appetitive Soul
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Satisfaction involves physical needs, pleasure, and desires
Appetitive Soul
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The part of the soul can be attributed to the courageous part of a person
Spirited Soul
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One who wants to do something or to right the wrongs that they observe
Spirited Soul
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The part of the soul that is the driver of our lives
Rational Soul
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The part that thinks and plans for the future “the conscious mind”
Rational Soul
52
A Saint and a Philosopher of the church
St. Augustine
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His work’s focal point is how God and his teachings affect various aspects of life
St. Augustine
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His idea of a man and how to understand who we are as a person is related to our understanding of who we are and how we question ourselves
St. Augustine
55
He believes that our notion of ourselves and our idea of existence comes from a higher form of sense in which bodily senses may not perceive or understand
St. Augustine
56
A French Philosopher; the Father of Modern Philosophy
Rene Descartes
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His belief in modern dualism or the existence of body and mind and its implication to one’s existence
Rene Descartes
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Continuous process of questioning what we perceive and accepting the fact that doubting and asking questions is a part of one’s existence
Methodical Doubt
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A person is comprised of mind and body
Rene Descartes
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“Cogito Ergo Sum”
I think Therefore I am
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"I think therefore I am"
“Cogito Ergo Sum”
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An English Philosopher and Physician
John Locke
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The Father of Classical Liberalism
John Locke
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His work on the self is most represented by the concept "Tabula Rasa," which means a Blank Slate.
John Locke
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He believed that the experiences and perceptions of a person are essential in the establishment of who that person can become.
John Locke
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He stated that a person is born knowing nothing
John Locke
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A Scottish Philosopher
David Hume
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He focused his work in the field of Empiricism, Skepticism, and Naturalism
David Hume
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David Hume focused his work in the field of ___, ___, ___
Empiricism, Skepticism, Naturalism
70
According to him, there is no permanent “self”
David Hume
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According to him, impressions of things are based on our experiences
David Hume
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He has a behavioristic approach to self
Gilbert Ryle
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His notion of dualism is that the behavior that we show, emotions, and actions are the reflection of our mind and as such the manifestation of who we are
Gilbert Ryle
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He does not believe that the mind and body are two separate entities
Gilbert Ryle
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The man is a complex machine with different functioning parts, intelligence, and other characteristics; the ghost in the said machine represents the behavior of man
Ghost in the machine view
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A French philosopher; known for his works on existentialism and phenomenology
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
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Maurice Jean is known for his works on ___ and ___
Existentialism, Phenomenology
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His idea of the self: regarded that the body and mind are the same
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
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The idea of gestalt ideation where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts pushed his idea on the unity of the function of the mind and body
Phenomenology of Perception
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Phenomenology of Perception
The Body, The Perceived World, The People and the World
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Both receive the experience as well as integrate such experiences in the different perception
The Body
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Which are the accumulation of the perception as integrated by the experiences of the body
The Perceived World
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Enable one to not only be able to integrate the other objects in the world but also to be able to experience the cultural aspect and relate to others
The People and the World
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An Austrian Psychologist, and Physician
Sigmund Freud
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Father of psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
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Known for his work on human nature and the unconscious.
Sigmund Freud
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he believed that man has different constructs of personality that interact with each other and, along with his concept of the different levels of consciousness
Sigmund Freud
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Freud's Aspects of Personality
ID, SUPEREGO, EGO
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The center of primitive and animalistic impulses
ID
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Its attention is on the satisfaction of one’s needs
ID
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Pleasure principle
ID
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The conscience of one’s personality; right or wrong
SUPEREGO
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Has the inclination to uphold justice and do what is morally right and socially acceptable
SUPEREGO
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Moral Principle
SUPEREGO
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Operates between the boundaries of reality
EGO
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The mediator of ID and SUPEREGO
EGO
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Reality principle
EGO
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He believed that we are a by-product of our experiences in the past. And that our actions are driven by the idea of resisting or avoiding pain and are molded from our need for pleasure or happiness.
Sigmund Freud
98
Levels of Consciousness
Conscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious
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These are the things we are aware of
Conscious
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The minority of our memories are being stored and are easier to tap or access
Conscious
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These are the things we could pay conscious attention to if we so desired
Pre-conscious
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Memories stored in this area can still be accessed but with little difficulty
Pre-conscious
103
Consists of those things that are outside of conscious awareness including many memories and thoughts of which we are not aware
Unconscious
104
Psychology is derived from the Greek words: __ - ___, ___, ___-___
Psyche, Mind, Soul, Logos, To study
105
A scientific study of the mind and behavior
Psychology
106
A science that studies in understanding a person and provides various ways of helping people understand themselves.
Psychology
107
A reference by an individual to the same individual person
Self
108
One of the earliest psychologists to study the self
William James
109
Conceptualized the self as having two aspects
William James
110
The self-thought or the self-knower
I-Self
111
Subjective self: Describing oneself using once own perspective
I-Self
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The experienced self or the self as known
Me-Self
113
Objective self: The self that you can describe through physical or psychological qualities
Me-Self
114
What are the three subcategories of the Self
The Material Self, The Social Self, The Spiritual Self
115
Constituted by our bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home
The Material Self
116
Based on our interactions with society and the reaction of people towards us
The Social Self
117
Varies as to how we present ourselves to a particular social group
The Social Self
118
The most intimate because it is more satisfying for the person that they have the ability to argue and discriminate one’s moral sensibility, conscience and indomitable will
The Spiritual Self
119
An American psychologist who came up with his conception of self through the intervention he used for his client, the client-centered therapy
Carl Rogers
120
He believes that people must be fully honest with themselves in order to have personal discovery on oneself.
Carl Rogers
121
-Self-worth
-How the person sees self and how others see them
The Perceived Self
122
-Self-image
-How the person really is; your self-concept
The Real Self
123
The self who you would like to be
The Ideal Self
124
Rooted from early infancy is called the simple being.
True Self
125
The sense of self based on spontaneous authentic experience and feeling of being alive, having “real self”.
True Self
126
Our defense facade
Fake Self
127
Overlaying or contradicting the original sense of self
Fake Self
128
We might build a false set of relationships by concealing a barren emptiness behind an independent-seeming façade.
Fake Self
129
An ego psychologist who developed one of the most popular and influential theories of development.
Erik Erikson
130
His theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development.
Erik Erikson
131
Psychosocial Development Stages
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
132
Focus on oneself and personal dualities
Western
133
Egoistic culture
Western
134
Acquisition of material things
Western
135
Obsessed with being successful
Western
136
Subscribe to the idea of evolution
Western
137
Western Thought of the Self
-Self is a social construct
-Self is intimately connected to bodily experience
-Self takes form in communication
138
Focus on others and the feelings of others
Eastern
139
Collectivistic culture
140
Less assets (less is more)
Eastern
141
More inclined towards a long life
142
Subscribe to the idea of reincarnation
Eastern
143
Eastern Thought of the Self
Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism
144
Following the moral ways that consist of virtues to promote harmony of the society.
Confucianism
145
Having the belief that we are part of the same ever-changing universe and breaking the attachments of the self with the world to attain the state of Nirvana.
Buddhism
146
Living in the way of the Tao or the universe; the ideal self is selflessness living a balanced life with society and nature
Taoism
147
Attaining liberation in the identification of the spiritual essence of all human beings and the spiritual essence of the universe
Hinduism
148
Recognition of shared identity,
An inner self shared with others
The Concept of KAPWA
149
-Individualistic
-Duality
-Talks about personal attributes
-Values competition
Western
150
-Collectivistic
-Consider other people as part of themselves
-Talks about their social roles
-Values cooperation
Eastern
151
People are autonomous and independent from their in-groups
Individualism
152
Give priority to the personal goals of their groups
Individualism
153
Behave on the basis of attitudes rather than norms
Individualism
154
Interdependent within their in-groups
Collectivism
155
Give priority to the goals of their in-groups
Collectivism
156
In-groups primarily shape their behavior
Collectivism
157
Behave in a communal way
Collectivism
158
Concerned with maintaining relationships with others
Collectivism
