Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality (THM105) Flashcards
They strongly affect each other’s industries
Tourism and Hospitality
A complicated interconnection of parts and components.
Network
Components of the Hospitality Industry
Food and Beverage Component, Lodging Component
Subcomponents of Food and Beverages
Catering & Banquet, F&B Services with other businesses, Restaurants separate from other businesses, Beverage establishments, Institutions, Club
Business of providing food service at a remote site or a site such as a hotel, hospital, pub, aircraft, cruise ship, park, filming site, or event venue
Catering
The meal tends to serve a purpose such as a charitable gathering, or any celebration, frequently involve either preceding or following speeches in honor of the topic or guest of honor.
Banquet
Refers to the process of preparing, presenting, and serving of food and beverages to customers in the premises or as part of a particular business.
F&B Services with other businesses
The process of preparing, presenting, and serving of food and beverages to customers in their own location and not as a part of another business
Restaurants separate from other businesses
Specialized in the preparation and/or serving of refreshments
Beverage establishments
An organization, establishment, foundation, or any devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, especially one of a public, educational, or charitable character.
Institutions
Refer to places of entertainment with food and beverage served
Club
It provides guest A place to sleep,
Entertainment Facilities,
Recreational Facilities,
Opinion to choose types to fit your budget
Lodging Component
Subcomponents of Lodging Component
Clubs, Institutions, Hotels/Motels, Resorts, Convention Hotels
Refer to places of entertainment within the lodging establishment
Clubs
Organizations that attend to lodging needs of those who are away from home
Institutions
An establishment that provides lodging and usually meals, entertainment, and various personal services for its guests
Hotels
An establishment which provides lodging and parking and in which the rooms are usually accessible from an outdoor parking area
Motels
A self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer’s wants, such as food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, and shopping, on the premises
Resorts
Hotels designed for and caters to trade shows and corporate events with adequate conference and display facilities.
Convention Hotels
Components of the Tourism Industry
Travel Related Services Component, Transportation Component, Recreation and Entertainment Component
These refer to businesses that provide primary services to travelers
Travel Related Services Component
These include the services of the travel agencies and tour operators
Travel Related Services Component
Subcomponents of the Travel Related Services Component
Travel Agents, Tour Operators
Hold the role of selling and administering packages from various tour operators to their personal clients based on what they’re looking for and what package suits each client best.
Travel Agents
Responsible for operating and providing your vacation through the contracting, booking, and packaging together of the various components of your tour such as your hotel, transportation, meals, guides, optional tours, and sometimes flight.
Tour Operators
The main purpose of transportation is to make it possible for people to go from one place to another.
Transportation Component
Subcomponents of the Transportation Component
Airline, Maritime, Ground Transportation
Provides air transport services for of traveling passengers and freight.
Airline
Is the transport of people (passengers) or goods (cargo) via waterways
Maritime
May include trains such as mass rapid transits (MRT) and road vehicles (taxi, tour buses) used by visitors to get around the destination
Ground Transportation
Is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time
Recreation
Is often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be “fun”
Recreation and Entertainment Component
Is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience or gives pleasure and delight.
Entertainment
Originated from the traditional duties of a host to entertain and attend to the needs of his guests
Entertainment
All sub-components are composed of ___ businesses.
Independent
In other industries, the goods are shipped from another country and ultimately brought to the consumer by the wholesalers and retailers
The product is not brought to the consumer; rather, the tourist has to travel and go to the product to consume it.
Tourism products do not exhaust the country’s natural resources
The products of tourism and hospitality are not used up.
It requires more manpower than other industries
Tourism and hospitality is a labor-intensive industry.
The industry is primarily concerned with people
Tourism and hospitality are people-oriented
It is dependent on many and varied activities that are separate and interdependent
ourism and hospitality is a multidimensional phenomenon
Depends on the season, and time of the year
The tourism and hospitality industry is seasonal
The industry is characterized by the changing ideas and attitudes of its customers and therefore must be prepared to adjust to these changes
The industry is dynamic
Tourism contributes towards complete growth and development of a country: one, by bringing numerous economic value & benefits; and, second, by helping build the country’s brand value, image & identity.
Importance of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Importance of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Contribution to the balance of payments, Dispersion of Development, Effect on General Economic Development, Employment Opportunities, Social Benefits, Cultural Enrichment, Educational Significance, A vital for peace
Tourism and hospitality can help correct the balance of payments and deficits of many countries by earning the much-needed foreign currency in the international trade
Contribution to the balance of payments
International tourism and hospitality is the best means to spread wealth among countries
Dispersion of Development
It bridges the economics gap between the rich and poor nations
Dispersion of Development
Because of the industry’s multi-dimensional phenomenon characteristics, expenditures of tourists have beneficial effects on all economic sectors and can lead to the development of different industries
Effect on General Economic Development
Tourism and hospitality is a source of employment
Employment Opportunities
It can have a significant effect on countries with surplus labor like the Philippines
Employment Opportunities
Social exchange takes place when tourists come in contact with the inhabitants of the places they visit
Social Benefits
This contact effects the social structure and way of life of local residents
Social Benefits
Tourism and hospitality emphasizes a sharing and appreciation of cultures
Cultural Enrichment
The industry contributes to the preservation and development of the world’s cultural heritage
Cultural Enrichment
International conference, seminars and study trips held each year enable people of all nations to exchange ideas, propose solutions to problems, and share their concerns
Educational Significance
A properly designed and developed tourism and hospitality can help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people of different races, colors, religions, and stages of social and economic development.
A vital for peace
Comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside of their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity enumerated from within the place visited.
Tourism
BURKAT AND MEDLIK (1997) 5 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
Tourism is a combination of phenomena and relationships, It has 2 essential elements, The journey and stay are to-and-fro destinations outside the place of residence and work, The movement to destinations is temporary and short-term within a few days, weeks, or months , Destinations are visited for purposes not connected with paid work or vocational reasons
Something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting
Phenomenon
Refers to the activities and experiences of a traveler from the time he books his flight to the time he comes back.
Tourism is a combination of phenomena and relationships
It is complex because there has to be a seamless relationship between the airlines, transportation used, hotels, restaurants, and attractions visited to created an unforgettable experience.
Tourism is a combination of phenomena and relationships
2 Essential elements
Dynamic element, Static element
Simply means that in tourism there should be movement from one place to another
Dynamic element
Means that in tourism, a person, once arriving in his destination, shall remain in the destination for a certain period
Static element
Tourism comprises activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside of their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year
The journey and stay are to-and-fro destinations outside the place of residence and work
A temporary visitor staying at least 24 hours
Tourist
Are temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination but exclude travelers in transit
Excursionists
The word “hospitality” is derived from the ___ word “___” - which means “__ ___ __ ___
Latin, Hospitaire, To receive a guest
This implies that a host is prepared to meet a guest’s basic requirements while the guest is away from his home
Hospitality
Involves treating and caring for customers and clients so that they’ll continue using the business’s services
Hospitality
Basic requirements of a guest
Food and beverages, Lodging, and may sometimes extend to entertainment
The most challenging elements of hospitality
Non-negotiable, Spectrum of interpretations of each operation
Spectrum of interpretations of each operation:
-Casual vs Formal
-Familiar vs Distanced
-Laid-back vs Luxury
-Convenience vs Cost
Elements of Travel
Distance, Length of stay at the destination, Residence of the traveler, Purpose of travel
A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home is the distance traveled on a trip
Distance
The difference between local travel or traveling within a person’s home community and nonlocal travel or traveling away from home
Distance
A trip is “each time a person goes to a place at least ___ ___away from home and returns”
100 miles
Tourists are temporary visitors who make at least one overnight stay, while excursionists are temporary visitors who do not stay overnight in the country that the visit
Length of stay at the destination
For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live
Residence of the traveler
M.I.C.E
Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions
Basic forms of tourism
Domestic Tourism, Outbound Tourism, Inbound Tourism, Internal Tourism, National Tourism, International Tourism
Comprises the activities of a resident visiting within the country of reference
Domestic Tourism
Comprises the activities of a resident visiting outside the country of reference
Outbound Tourism
Comprises the activities of a non-resident visiting within the country of reference on an inbound tourism trip
Inbound Tourism
Comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism, the activities of resident and non-resident visitors within the country of reference
Internal Tourism
Comprises of domestic tourism and outbound tourism, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference
National Tourism
Comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference
International Tourism
Pre-arrangement, prepaid trip that combines two or more travel components like airfare, airport transfer, accommodation, and other services
Package Tour
2 ways for tourist to purchase package tours
Package Tour (Inclusive Tour), Independent Inclusive Tour (IIT)
Is an arrangement in which transport and accommodation is bought by a tourist at an all inclusive price
Package Tour (Inclusive Tour)
The price of the individual elements cannot be determined by the tourist
Package Tour (Inclusive Tour),
The tourist travels to his or her destination individually
Independent Inclusive Tour (IIT)
Travels in the company of other tourists
Group Inclusive Tour (GIT)
When a tourist makes his own reservations and booking with hotels and airline on his own
Independent Tour
Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need
Product
Mainly services products or services that have several characteristics
Tourism Products
Is a combination of tangible and intangible elements, such as natural, cultural, and man-made resources, attractions, facilities, services, and activities around a specific center of interest
Tourism Product
Tourist products include the following
PHYSICAL OBJECTS/ GOODS, SERVICES, EXPERIENTIAL PRODUCTS, INFORMATION, ATTRACTIONS, ACCESSIBILITY OR TRANSPORTATION, ACCOMMODATION
Whatever a visitor sees, smells, touches, hears, and tastes contribute to the physical and psychological experience
Physical Objects / Goods
A valuable action, deed, or effort performed to satisfy a need or to fulfill a demand
SERVICES
Defines as ones which consumers choose, buy and use solely to experience and enjoy
EXPERIENTIAL PRODUCTS
When tourist are given the correct information about anything and everything they need to know about the destination
INFORMATION
Is a composite product, as a sum total of a destination’s tourist attractions, transport, accommodation and of entertainment which provide tourist satisfaction
Tourism product
Are those elements in a product that determine the choice made by particular tourist to visit one particular destination rather than another.
ATTRACTIONS
The means of transportation used to reach the area where attractions are located.
ACCESSIBILITY OR TRANSPORTATION
It determines the value of the destination, easy accessibility of a place, increase the value of destination or vice versa.
Availability of transportation
Plays a basic and important role to tourist destination
ACCOMMODATION
The lates trend in accommodation
Holiday packages
Is a holiday resort where the visitor stay in villas. There is a central area with shops, entertainment, and other amenities
Holiday village (HV)
Characteristics of the tourism product
-It is mostly a service
-It is largely psychological in its attraction
-Tend to vary in standard and quality over time
-Product is fixed
It is intangible
Service
Prevents customers from examining services and sampling before their actual enactment
Intangible nature
The purchase of a package tour involves a high degree of trust on the part of the buyer
It is mostly a service
Temporary use of a strange environment plus the culture and heritage of the region
It is largely psychological in its attraction
A package tour cannot be consistently of equal standard
Tend to vary in standard and quality over time
The unsold hotel room or plane seat cannot be stored to be sold on another day. Thus, great efforts are made to fill hotel rooms and aircraft by discounting the prices of these products
Product is fixed
Means that there is a great degree of thought or study involved prior to the purchase
Tourism as a high involvement product
What are the 4 groups in Tourist Services
-Passenger Transport
-Accommodation F&B and Entertainment
-Travel agents and Tour operators
-Currency, Documentation, Information, Sightseeing, Shopping
Provides the means to reach the destination as well as the movement at the destination
Passenger Transport
Distinctions in transport:
-Public and Private
-Domestic and International
-By mode -land, sea and air
Accommodation not only provides a place to sleep, they may provide food and entertainment
Accommodation F&B and Entertainment
Tour operators “manufacture” the products by combining individual component of a holiday into a product which is then sold directly to the public through the travel agents
Travel Agents and Tour Operators
Availability of information in websites, brochures, maps to help tourists navigate and get to know the destination
Currency, Documentation, Information, Sightseeing, Shopping
Currency exchange availability
Currency, Documentation, Information, Sightseeing, Shopping
A variety of tour packages to facilitate sightseeing especially to beautiful areas outside of the tourist zone
Currency, Documentation, Information, Sightseeing, Shopping
Products here cannot be seen or inspected before its purchase.
Intangible
Certain facilities, installations, items of equipment are made available for a specified time and use
Intangible
A large component of tourism product is the satisfaction the consumer derives from its use.
Psychological
A tourist acquires experiences while interacting with the new environment and his experiences help to attract and motivate potential customers
Psychological
Production can only take place if the customer is actually present.
Highly Perishable
Tourist product covers the complete experience of a visit to a particular place.
Composite Nature
Tourism demand is influenced by seasonal, economic political and others such factors.
Unstable Demand
The tourism product unlike a manufactured product cannot be brought to the consumer; the consumer must go to the product.
Fixed supply in the short run
Requires an in-depth study of users’ behavior, and taste preferences, likes, and dislikes so that expectations and realities coincide for the maximum
Fixed supply in the short run
These services can be bought for consumption but ownership remains with the provider of the service.
Absence of Ownership
it tends to vary in standard and quality over time
Heterogenous
Product is a service and services are people-based.
Heterogenous
The risk involved in the use of a tourism product is heightened since it has to be purchased before its consumption
Risky
Tourism product is marketed at two levels
National and Regional, Second level
Organizations engage in persuading potential tourists to visit the country or a certain region.
National and Regional
The various individual firms providing tourist services, market their own components of the total tourist product to persuade potential tourists to visit that region.
Second level
A tourist destination is a geographical unit where the tourist visits and stays
Destination
Five basic factors of a destination, The 5As:
Attraction
Amenities
Accessibility
Accommodations
Activities
Can be categorized in a number of ways
Site Attraction
Event Attraction
The destination itself has appeal
Site Attraction
Tourist are drawn to the destination solely because of what is taking place there
Event Attraction
Mountains, bodies of water, scenic views, hiking and biking trails, and other outdoor attraction fall under geophysical-landscape-aesthetic category
Natural Wonders
Can include anything from theme parks and ski lodges to monuments, structures and architectural marvels.
Manmade (Built Environment)
Activities that consistently rank among the most popular with U.S travelers and cover a wide array of attractions.
Cultural, artistic and heritage activities
Things like food, beer and wine festivals, food truck events, marathons, holiday markets, themed 5K’s and art shows are all viable options for reaching those visitors who are looking to experience something unique to your area.
Special Events
Are central part of your destination’s identity
Attractions
Helps your DMO identify who your target markets are, what they need to believe about your destination in order to book a trip, and how your DMO can effectively reinforce those beliefs.
Marketing Action Plan
Boost posts to deliver this content to those target audiences who value what that attraction represents
Feature your main attractions on social media
Is a great way to foster authenticity and generate excitement about your attractions.
Incorporate User-Generated Content (UGC)
This will make it easy for travelers to learn a little bit more about what your city has to offer and share that information with others.
Create unique landing pages for each of your attractions
Include access to basic facilities and services that help a visitor feel comfortable and secure in your destination.
Ameneties
Sometimes referred to as the “pleasantness” of a place, they play an important role in shaping the visitor experience
Ameneties
Ensure that it’s staffed with people who are both hospitable and knowledgeable about your destination.
Visitor Centers
Is another important amenity that your DMO should offer to visitors.
Your Wesbite
Partnering with local stakeholders
City officials, Law enforcement, Hotel Partners
Are also brand ambassadors for your destination.
Law Enforcement
Work to be sure your DMO is at the table for city planning meetings, and always attend prepared to represent the visitor’s perspective.
City Officials
Vital in shaping your destination’s image as a safe, friendly city where visitors feel welcome, relaxed and secure.
Law Enforcement
Hotel staff’s professionalism and ability to accommodate visitor requests play a crucial role in shaping overall perceptions of your destination.
Hotel Partners
Refer to things that are designed to provide comfort and enjoyment to guests
Amenities
Refer to places or even equipment built to facilitate guests in their specific needs
Facilities
Means having regular and convenience of transport in terms of time/distance to the destination at a reasonable price
Accessibility
Providing information like how most visitors get to their destination can help reinforce and ultimately grow tourism and travel’s economic impact on your city.
Accessibility
DMO
Destination Management Organizations
is a great example of the evolving role of Destination Management Organizations (DMO) will be playing in the overall success of their city
Destination Marketing Organizations
Giving visitors through your destination in a way that will leave the most favorable impression
Wayfinding
Does not only cements a favorable impression in the minds of your target market but will help you tap into additional markets that may not have previously considered your city for their next travel.
Accessibility
Are important for controlling perceptions from the moment visitors step foot in your city.
City welcome signs, attractive landscaping, modernizing your public transportation stations, and keeping it all on brand
Hotels have begun offering ___ ___intended to help guests feel like locals, contributing to the overall industry shift towards “authentic” travel experiences.
Insider Tips
Great resource to calculate some solid, reportable economic impact metrics.
STR 7-year trend report
STR 7-year trend report Formula
A total number of viable rooms within the geographic boundaries of the DMO X 365 (days in a year) X the average annual % occupancy rate.
Formula on the Approximate amount of money that visitors spent in your community on just the accommodations portion of their stay
multiply this number of room nights sold X the ADR (Average Daily Rate)
Will help you better understand you city’s peak and shoulder seasons as well as occupancy by night of the week.
7-year trend report
Tourism Activities
Food tourism, Wellness Tourism, Adventure Tourism, Recreational Tourism
It’s a way of understanding the identity and character of a new place
Food Tourism
What year did the food tours and cooking classes ranked as one of the fastest-growing experience categories, with a 57 percent increase year-over-year.
In 2017
Is such an important part of your destination’s narrative, and creating experiences around local cuisine is a great way to entice travelers to plan a visit and return again to your city
Food
In recent years, it has bloomed into a lucrative tourism category, with the Global Wellness Institute estimating that it grew into a 639 billion market in 2017
Wellness Tourism
Wellness Tourism grew into a ___ ____ market in ___
639 billion, 2017
Are in high demand among travelers seeking a reprieve from their otherwise stressful lives.
Wellness activities
Travelers structure their trip around self-care activities
Primary wellness
Travelers may visit a spa or yoga at some point during their stay
Secondary wellness
According to them, adventure tourism is typically defined by at least two of the following activities: physical activity, natural environment and cultural immersion and it’s something visitors are willing to travel great distances to experience.
Adventure Travel Trade Association
How much do adventure travelers spend on average per trip
$947 per trip (not including the airfare)
How old is a typical adventure travelers
35 years old
Tour operators are increasing demand among adventure travelers, with __% intending to utilize tour services on their next trip.
45
Tourism is derived from the ___ word ___ which means ‘___, ____, or ____’.
Hebrew, Torah, Studying, Learning, Searching
The first large-scale operator even though his passengers were mostly animals
Noah
Two form of early tourism
Travel for business, Travel for religious seasons
Trading by merchants, journey to sell their products
Travel for business
This took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship
Travel for religious seasons
Revolutionized the way early human beings traveled and transported goods from one place to another
The wheel
A system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE.
Cuneiform
Used as a medium of exchange
Barley
Why did they change it into silver barley
Because barley could spoil, and it was too difficult to carry and exchange, also the animals would eat the barley.
They invented trade
Phoenicians
Greatest merchants of their time and owed much of their prosperity to commercial ties across the Mediterranean and possibly beyond.
Phoenicians
When and where did the olympic games began
2,700 years ago, in Olympia in Southwest Greece
The games were part of a religious festival.
The olympic games
The olympic games where in honor of ___
Zeus
Considered as the king of the gods
Zeus
The olympic games were stages every ___ years at ____
Four, Olympia
Who were only allowed to compete at the olympic games
Men who spoke Greek
Travel by rich Romans were aided by improvements in their inns (forerunner of the modern hotel)
The Roman road
Provided efficient means for the overland movement of armies, officials, civilians, inland carriage of official
The Roman road
Fastest way to travel in ancient Rome
Cursus Publicus
Consisted of a series of stations along the major road systems placed at short regular intervals (approximately 8 miles or 12km) with fresh and rapid horses.
Cursus Publicus
Where horses could be changed are the equivalent of the present gasoline stations
Mutatios or Stables
What year were the English pilgrims required to obtain and carry permits, the forerunner of the modern passport
Beginning in 1388
How many century did the Middle ages or Medieval Period lasted
5th to the 15th century
Also known as the “Dark Ages,” the era is often branded as a time of war, ignorance, famine, and pandemics such as the Black Death
Middle Ages / Medieval Period
Derived from the word travail, became burdensome, dangerous, and demanding during this time.
Travel
Who were the only ones allowed to travel during the Medieval Period
Crusaders and Pilgrims
When did the crusades first preached
1095
Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history
Elizabethan Era
The year that mark the Elizabethan age as a renaissance that inspired national pride through classical ideals, international expansion, and naval triumph over Spain.
1572
Was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages.
Renaissance Period and the Elizabethan Era
Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century
Renaissance Period and the Elizabethan Era
Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions in court were encouraged to travel to the continent to widen their education.
The Grand Tour
Was the 17th- and 18th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank when they had come of age
The Grand Tour
The French Revolution marked the end of a spectacular period of travel and enlightenment for European youth, particularly from England.
The Grand Tour
He introduced the term the Grand Tour
Richard Lassels in his 1670 book Voyage to Italy
Specialty guidebooks, tour guides, and other aspects of the tourist industry were developed during this time to meet the needs of wealthy 20-something male and female travelers and their tutors as they explored the European continent.
The Grand Tour
London was commonly used as a starting point and the Tour was usually kicked off with a difficult trip across the English Channel.
Navigating Europe
Was made from Dover to Calais, France—this is now the path of the Channel Tunnel.
La Manche
How many days will it take to trip from Dover across the Channel to Calais and finally into Paris
Three days
Cities that are considered centers of culture at the time
Paris, Rome, and Venice
These cities were also popular destinations but were regarded as more optional
Florence and Naples
Was the most popular stop of the Grand Tour for its cultural, architectural, and political influence.
Paris, France
Derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium which was named for the medicinal spring ___ meaning “___”
Espa, Fountain
In 16th-century England, the old Roman ideas of medicinal bathing were revived at towns like Bath.
The Spa
Had been to the Belgian town (which he called Spaw) discovered a chalybeate spring in Yorkshire in 1596
William Slingsby
He built an enclosed well at what became known as Harrogate, the first resort in England for drinking medicinal waters
William Slingsby
Was one of the important eras of tourism, it brought changes in travel and tourism which started first in England in 1750-1850.
Industrial Revolution
What are the technological changes
Factories emerged, Better transportation, Growth of “iron industry
To escape from their responsibilities and the crowded, polluted city environment, travel became desirable as a ___ ____
Recreational Activity
Provided reliable and cheap transportation and competition since various private companies invested heavily in hotels, resorts, and entertainment facilities.
Railway
Introduced the first guidebooks
Thomas Cook
In 1874, he introduced “circular notes” which were accepted by banks, hotels, shops and restaurants. These were the first traveler’s checks
Thomas Cook
Brough many changes which influenced the volume of tourism
POST WORLD WAR I (1914 - 1918)
The ___ declined with the introduction of the motor car
Railways
New forms of mass communication stimulated curiosity about other countries - cinema, radio, and television
POST WORLD WAR I (1914 - 1918)
Progress in aircraft technology – more comfortable, safer, faster and cheaper resulting to the decline of sea travel
WORLD WAR 2 (1939 - 1945)
Friendships were generated between combatants not only from different countries but also from different continents
WORLD WAR 2 (1939 - 1945)
Provided flexible transportation which freed people from the schedules and fixed routed of public transport
Private Car
Resulted in increased discretionary income and leisure time
THE POST-WAR ECONOMIC BOOM AFTER WWII
Business travel flourished as business and trade prospered
THE POST-WAR ECONOMIC BOOM AFTER WWII
The chief international organization in the field of travel and tourism.
UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO)
An intergovernmental technical body that deal with all aspects of tourism.
UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO)
When did UNWTO existed
January 2, 1975
Where is UNWTO’s headquarters
Madrid, Spain
Responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism
UNWTO
When did WTO became an established member of the United Nations, thus, the name was changed to UNWTO
October 23, 2003
It provides an international forum where tourism officials, whether government or not, can discuss problems and exchange ideas
UNWTO
Are territories or groups of territories not responsible for their external relations, but whose membership is approved by the state which assumes responsibility for their external relations.
Associate Members
Are international bodies, both governmental and non-governmental, concerned with a specialized interest in tourism, as well as commercial and noncommercial bodies, and associations whose activities are related to the aims of UNWTO
Affiliate Members
Is the supreme organ of UNWTO
The General Assembly
Considered the most important global meeting of senior tourism officials and high-level representatives of the private sector.
The General Assembly
How many regional commission does UNWTO have
6 - Africa, the Americas, East Asia and the Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, and South Asia
How many times does the regional commissions meet a year
Once
Established in 1975 as a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly
Regional Commissions
Take all necessary measures, in consultation with the Secretary-General, for the implementation of its own decisions and recommendations the assembly and report thereon to the assembly.
Executive Council
How many times does the executive council meet a year
Twice
Is a permanent member of the executive council
Spain
Led by Secretary-General Zurab Pololikashvili from Georgia, who supervises about 110 full-time staff at UNWTO’s Madrid headquarters.
Secretariat
Responsible for implementing UNWTO’s program of work and serving the needs of members.
Secretariat
What are the official languages of UNWTO
Arabic, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Advocating the value of tourism as a driver of socio-economic growth and development, its inclusion as a priority in national and international policies, and the need to create a level playing field for the sector to develop and prosper.
Mainstreaming Tourism in the Global Agenda
Improving UNWTO Members’ competitiveness through knowledge creation and exchange, human resources development, and the promotion of excellence in areas such as policy planning, statistics and market trends, sustainable tourism development, marketing and promotion, product development and risk
Improving tourism competitiveness
Supporting sustainable tourism policies and practices: policies which make optimal use of environmental resources, respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities and provide socio-economic benefits for all
Promoting sustainable tourism development
Maximizing the contribution of tourism to poverty reduction and achievement the MDGs by making tourism work as a tool for development and promoting the inclusion of tourism in the development agenda.
Advancing tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction and development
Supporting countries to assess and address their needs in education and training, as well as providing networks for knowledge creation
Fostering knowledge, education, and capacity building
Engaging with the private sector, regional and local tourism organizations, academia and research institutions, civil society, and the UN system to build a more sustainable, responsible and competitive tourism sector.
Building partnerships
A UN-specialized agency, established by states in 1944 to manage the Administration and Governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention)
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
ICAO works with the Convention’s 193 member states and industry groups to reach consensus on:
International Civil Aviation Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)
and Policies
ICAO’S FIVE COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
SAFETY, AIR NAVIGATION CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY, SECURITY & FACILITATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
A top priority in aviation.
Safety
Focused primarily on the state’s regulatory oversight capabilities. The Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP) outlines the key activities for the triennium
SAFETY
Contributes to the economic development of States and their industries.
Safe aviation system
Promotes the implementation of a State safety oversight system, a risk-based approach to managing safety as well as a coordinated approach to collaboration between States, regions, and industry.
GASP
Increase the capacity and improve the efficiency of the global civil aviation system.
AIR NAVIGATION CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY
Is driven by a highly a collaborative ‘system of systems’ that helps to determine all of ICAO’s Strategic Objectives
Global aviation
Enhance global civil aviation security and facilitation.
SECURITY & FACILITATION
Foster the development of a sound and economically viable civil aviation system.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT
Minimize the adverse environmental effects of civil aviation activities.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Who led the international air transportation (IATA)
Alexandre de Juniac, Director General & CEO since September 2016
Where and when was IATA founded
Havana, Cuba, on 19 April 1945
It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure, and economical air services - for the benefit of the world’s consumers.
INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATION (IATA)
Represents the global private sector of travel & tourism, with a mission to ensure the sector is seamless, secure, safe, inclusive, and sustainable.
WORLD TRAVEL AND TOURISM COUNCIL (WTTC)
The only global forum whose members are the top decision-makers in the travel and tourism industry.
WORLD TRAVEL AND TOURISM COUNCIL (WTTC)
