ENG QUIZ DECEPTIVE APPEALS Flashcards
This occur when someone makes a broad statement about an entire group, category, or situation based on insufficient evidence or a single example.
Sweeping Generalization
This is applying a general rule to a specific situation (w/out evidence)
Sweeping Generalizations
e.g. A definition of Filipina in one country is maid.
Sweeping Generalizations
This is applying a specific rule to a general situation (w/out evidence)
Hasty Generalizations
This is when a sampling is invalid and uses data as a basis or argument in defending a claim.
Incorrect/Biased Sampling
Occurs when data or evidence is gathered from a subset of a population or a situation in a way that does not accurately represent the whole.
Incorrect/Biased Sampling
A barangay is surveyed on what they think about federalism, and from that barangay, the majority of the people wanted federalism.
Incorrect/Biased Sampling
This is when a statement assails the character of the person instead of logical reasoning.
Argumentum ad Hominem
She is poor. She does not know about the political issues.
Argumentum ad Hominem
This is when a complex issue is only presented with two options, neglecting the other possibilities.
Either or Fallacy
Politicians are either corrupt or immoral.
Either or Fallacy
This is when two things are compared but do not necessarily resemble the idea of each other
False Analogy
e.g. You failed the test just like you failed in your relationship
False Analogy
Is when a conclusion is reached using evidence that is quite insignificant.
Oversimplification
Suggests a solution (addressing the problem) to a predicament wherein the connection of the two is quite far-fetched in nature.
Oversimplification
E.g. Milk can increase one’s physical capacity. Malnourished children prefer junk foods over milk. Therefore, to solve malnourishment, we must feed children more milk.
Oversimplification
For example: “All we need to solve the unemployment problem is to create more jobs.”
Oversimplification
When a conclusion is made, yet the premise or claim is irrelevant or not connected at all to that of the conclusion.
Non-sequitur
is Latin for “not in sequence” because the conclusion is a derailment from the topic at hand
Non-sequitur
The conclusion is vaguely supported by the statements in the text.
Non-sequitur
e.g.The students prefer writing on board. The writing boards are made of glass. Therefore, it would be a great idea to make notebooks out of glass.
Non-sequitur
For example: “All humans need water to survive.” “Therefore, bicycles must be a mode of transportation.”
Non-sequitur
This fallacy is committed when a certain event happens and subsequently, another event happens, it is assumed that the previous event caused the latter event. because of the chronological order of the events.
Post Hoc Ergo Preptor Hoc
E.g. I dropped my empty wallet on the ground. A thunder occurred shortly after. Therefore, the dropping of an empty wallet caused a thunderstorm.
Post Hoc Ergo Preptor Hoc
Is a Latin phrase that translates to “After this, therefore because of this.”
Post Hoc Ergo Preptor Hoc
For example: Suppose a student believes that they performed well on their last two exams because they wore their lucky socks.
Post Hoc Ergo Preptor Hoc
When an exaggeration of aftermath, consequences, or sequence of events may happen after a certain action.
Slippery Slope
The sequence of events following said action, is usually OVER-DRAMTIC and tends to Decline in probability
Slippery Slope
E.g. I won’t let my boyfriend go out drinking because he might get too drunk. He will meet a girl prettier than me. That girl will take him to a shady hotel. Yada yada yada. Therefore, I should not let my boyfriend go out.
Slippery Slope
This Is done when taking revenge and using what has been done to the injured or hurt person to do the same to the perpetrator.
Two Wrongs Make a Right
Oftentimes, the retaliation is done in the same manner as the injury. Think of it as “An eye for an eye”
Two Wrongs Make a Right
E.g. Mark threw a stone at me. Therefore, I should also throw a stone at him.
Two Wrongs Make a Right
E.g. I just realized that my Prada bag was actually a fenced. If that is the case, next time, I’m going to pay the seller with counterfeit bills.
Two Wrongs Make a Right
Is when the evidence used in proving the causality of an event is false
False Cause
E.g. A hummingbird rapidly propels wind with its wings. Storms are made of rapid winds. Therefore, a butterfly’s wingbeat can cause a storm.
False Cause
Is committed by claiming a statement is true because a large population agrees it is true even if the claim is flawed.
Argumentum ad Populum
Another way to think about this is through the “bandwagon” appeal in which people do something or believe in something because everyone else is doing it.
Argumentum ad Populum
This is Latin for “appeal to people” or “argument based on population.”
Argumentum ad Populum
E.g I like Pepsi because all my friends like it too.
Argumentum ad Populum
The “pity play.
Argumentum ad Misercordiam
A person appeals through emotions, pity, misery, and sympathy, rather than through facts and solid arguments.
Argumentum ad Misercordiam
This is Latin for “argument through misery” or “appeal through misery”
Argumentum ad Misercordiam
E.g. “Professor, I deserve an A. Even if I failed all my tests, I deserve an A because I’ve been staying up late every night and I haven’t eaten yet.”
Argumentum ad Misercordiam
This is usually seen being used in the American Judiciary.
Argumentum ad Misercordiam
How many Argumentim ad’s are there? and what are those?
-Argumentum ad Hominem
-Argumentum ad Populum
-Argumentum ad Misericordiam
Is a Latin phrase that translates to “argument against the person” or “argument to the man.”
Argumentum ad Hominem
