ENG QUIZ Flashcards
An efficient reader appears to use what are called ‘___ ____ and ‘ ___ ____’ strategies.
Top-down, Bottom- Up
The reader tries to decode each
individual letter encountered by matching it to the minimal units of meaning in the sound system (the phoneme) to arrive at a meaning of the text
Bottom-Up Approach
The interaction process between
the reader and the text involves the reader in activating knowledge of the world, plus past experiences, expectations and intuitions, to arrive at a meaning of the text.
Up-Down Approach
PQRST METHOD
Preview
Questions
Read
Summary
Test
Looking at the topic by glancing only at the possible main point of the text
Preview
Formulate questions that may be answered.
Question
Would aid in learning the main point
Question
Reader goes over the material and finds information that may aid him/her in answering the questions and the topics he/she wants to learn.
Read
Reader puts into his/her own words the information he/she decoded from the written discourse.
Summary
By answering the questions, he/she can affirm that his/her understanding is valid.
Test
SQ4R METHOD
Survey
Question
Read
Write
Done to develop a general idea of the structure of the text.
Survey
Will prepare the reader to grasp the content of the discourse.
Survey
Ask oneself questions related to the text to be more interested in reading.
Question
Examine the text and look for answers.
Read
Reader restructures the information that makes the most sense.
Write
Meaning of C.A.R.S
Creating A Research Space
Who invented the C.A.R.S model of research introductions
John Swales
Author sets the context for his or her research, providing necessary background on the topic.
MOVE 1: ESTABLISHING A TERRITORY (THE SITUATION)
Generally accomplished in two ways:
•By demonstrating that a general area of research is important, critical, interesting, problematic, relevant, or otherwise worthy of investigation
•By introducing and reviewing key sources of prior research in that area to show where gaps exist or where prior research has been inadequate in addressing the research problem.
MOVE 1: ESTABLISHING A TERRITORY (THE SITUATION)
Author argues that there is an open “niche” in the existing research, a space that needs to be filled through additional research.
MOVE 2: ESTABLISHING A NICHE (THE PROBLEM)
Refers to making a clear and cogent argument that your particular piece of research is important and possesses value.
MOVE 2: ESTABLISHING A NICHE (THE PROBLEM)
Can be done by indicating a specific gap in previous research, by challenging a broadly accepted assumption, by raising a question, a hypothesis, or need, or by extending previous knowledge in some way.
MOVE 2: ESTABLISHING A NICHE (THE PROBLEM)
Author turns the niche established in Move 2 into the research space that he or she will fill
MOVE 3: OCCUPYING A NICHE (THE SOLUTION)
Author demonstrates how she will substantiate the counter-claim made, fill the gap identified, answer the question(s) asked, or continue the research tradition.
MOVE 3: OCCUPYING A NICHE (THE SOLUTION)
