Understanding And Treating Mental Health Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term “aetiology” refer to in mental health?

1) The diagnosis of mental disorders
2) The classification of mental health symptoms
3) The origin or cause of a disorder
4) The treatment plan for mental health issues

A

The origin or cause of a disorder

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2
Q

What treatment was associated with the supernatural view of mental illness in prehistory?

1) Bloodletting
2) Exorcism
3) Trephination
4) Herbal remedies

A

Trephination

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3
Q

Which ancient concept involved balancing bodily fluids to maintain health?

1) The humoural theory
2) The somatogenic approach
3) The medical model
4) The psychogenic approach

A

The humoural theory

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4
Q

What was a significant shift in the Renaissance approach to mental illness?

1) Decline of supernatural explanations in favour of humanism
2) Use of asylums as centres of compassionate care
3) Adoption of biological theories exclusively
4) Introduction of psychoanalytic methods

A

Decline of supernatural explanations in favour of humanism

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5
Q

What was Dorothea Dix’s contribution to mental health reform?

1) Introducing the humoural theory to the Americas
2) Promoting the mental hygiene movement to improve asylum conditions
3) Inventing psychotropic medications
4) Developing classification systems for mental disorders

A

Promoting the mental hygiene movement to improve asylum conditions

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6
Q

Who is credited with establishing a classification system that forms the basis of the DSM?

1) Hippocrates
2) Emil Kraepelin
3) Richard von Kraft-Ebing
4) Sigmund Freud

A

Emil Kraepelin

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7
Q

What is a primary assumption of the medical model in mental health?

1) Mental health problems arise primarily from environmental factors
2) Mental health disorders are equivalent to physical illnesses and have biological causes
3) Diagnosis should focus on the individual’s personal experience
4) Non-pharmacological treatments are the first line of intervention

A

Mental health disorders are equivalent to physical illnesses and have biological causes

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8
Q

What is one benefit of classifying mental health disorders?

1) It ensures patients are treated as unique individuals
2) It allows for consistent diagnosis and treatment across the world
3) It eliminates cultural differences in symptom presentation
4) It focuses solely on biological factors

A

It allows for consistent diagnosis and treatment across the world

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9
Q

What did Rosenhan’s pseudo-patient study reveal about psychiatric diagnosis?

1) Psychiatric labels are flexible and easily removed
2) Psychiatric labels can influence perceptions and result in stigma
3) Psychiatric diagnoses are highly reliable across contexts
4) Diagnostic criteria are culturally invariant

A

Psychiatric labels can influence perceptions and result in stigma

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10
Q

What is an example of a culturally bound syndrome?

1) Depression
2) Taijin Kyofusho
3) Generalized anxiety disorder
4) Bipolar disorder

A

Taijin Kyofusho

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11
Q

How does the dimensional approach differ from the medical model?

1) It avoids classifying disorders altogether
2) It views mental health disorders on a spectrum rather than as dichotomous states
3) It emphasizes pharmacological interventions as the first line of treatment
4) It disregards biological factors in mental health

A

It views mental health disorders on a spectrum rather than as dichotomous states

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12
Q

What is a key critique of the medical model in mental health?

1) It focuses too much on social and psychological factors
2) It treats diagnoses rather than individuals, ignoring personal experiences
3) It fails to recognize the biological basis of mental health issues
4) It does not provide any structure for treatment

A

It treats diagnoses rather than individuals, ignoring personal experiences

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13
Q

What are the primary symptoms of “Ataque de Nervios”?

1) Excessive worry and muscle tension
2) Intense emotional upset, crying, and aggression
3) Avoidance of social situations due to fear of judgment
4) Persistent low mood and fatigue

A

Intense emotional upset, crying, and aggression

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14
Q

What is one advantage of having a formal mental health diagnosis?

1) It guarantees a cure for the disorder
2) It eliminates feelings of self-blame and guilt in the patient
3) It prevents access to unnecessary services
4) It avoids the need for further psychological assessment

A

It eliminates feelings of self-blame and guilt in the patient

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15
Q

What did Harris et al. find about ADHD perceptions in their study?

1) Labels like ADHD create expectations of behavioural problems
2) ADHD diagnoses do not influence perceptions of children’s behaviour
3) ADHD diagnoses improve peer interactions in schools
4) Boys with ADHD are less likely to be labelled than typically developing boys

A

Labels like ADHD create expectations of behavioural problems

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16
Q

What is a major issue with cross-cultural diagnostic consistency?

1) Certain disorders are universally recognized across cultures
2) Diagnostic criteria often do not account for cultural variations in behaviour
3) Symptoms of disorders are entirely biological and unchanging
4) Diagnosis is unaffected by the ethnicity of the clinician

A

Diagnostic criteria often do not account for cultural variations in behaviour

17
Q

What is a disadvantage of labeling in mental health diagnosis?

1) Labels help in planning treatment strategies
2) Labels can perpetuate stigma and lead to self-fulfilling prophecies
3) Labels clarify complex mental health symptoms for patients
4) Labels ensure access to necessary support services

A

Labels can perpetuate stigma and lead to self-fulfilling prophecies

18
Q

What alternative does Bennet (2011) propose to the medical model?

1) Focus on pharmacological interventions
2) A spectrum-based approach that integrates psychological and social factors
3) Prioritize diagnostic labels over individual experiences
4) Emphasize dichotomous categories of normal and disordered

A

A spectrum-based approach that integrates psychological and social factors

19
Q

Which historical treatment was used to balance the four humours?

1) Psychosurgery
2) Bloodletting and diet regulation
3) Dream analysis
4) Cognitive restructuring

A

Bloodletting and diet regulation

20
Q

What is the primary goal of the dimensional approach to mental health?

1) To eliminate diagnostic criteria entirely
2) To recognize the spectrum of mental health and avoid rigid categories
3) To emphasize medical treatments over psychological interventions
4) To focus solely on biological processes

A

To recognize the spectrum of mental health and avoid rigid categories