Cognitive Behavioural Approaches 2

Question 1

What is the core principle of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

1) Emotional disturbances are caused by external events
2) Psychological distress arises from irrational beliefs about events
3) Irrational beliefs are solely influenced by childhood experiences
4) Cognitive processes are irrelevant to emotional outcomes

Answer 1

Psychological distress arises from irrational beliefs about events

Question 2

What does the “ABC Theory of Personality” in REBT stand for?

1) Antecedents, behaviours, and consequences
2) Activating event, belief, and consequences
3) Anxiety, beliefs, and cognitive distortions
4) Actions, behaviours, and conditions

Answer 2

Activating event, belief, and consequences

Question 3

What distinguishes rational beliefs from irrational beliefs in REBT?

1) Rational beliefs are rigid and dogmatic, while irrational beliefs are flexible
2) Irrational beliefs involve demands and “musts,” while rational beliefs involve preferences
3) Rational beliefs lead to emotional disturbances, while irrational beliefs do not
4) Irrational beliefs are logical, while rational beliefs lack empirical support

Answer 3

Irrational beliefs involve demands and “musts,” while rational beliefs involve preferences

Question 4

What is “musturbation” in the context of REBT?

1) The tendency to prioritize preferences over logical beliefs
2) An irrational belief involving rigid demands like “I must succeed”
3) The process of disputing maladaptive thoughts
4) A rational coping mechanism for addressing stress

Answer 4

An irrational belief involving rigid demands like “I must succeed”

Question 5

What are the two main categories of neuroses according to Ellis (1988)?

1) Ego disturbance and low frustration tolerance
2) Irrational beliefs and demanding behaviours
3) Unconditional acceptance and frustration intolerance
4) Anxiety and guilt

Answer 5

Ego disturbance and low frustration tolerance

Question 6

What therapeutic goals are associated with “elegant change” in REBT?

1) Addressing specific symptoms through direct interventions
2) Developing a lifelong philosophy of unconditional self-acceptance
3) Focusing on past traumatic experiences to resolve issues
4) Avoiding confrontation and emphasizing empathy

Answer 6

Developing a lifelong philosophy of unconditional self-acceptance

Question 7

How does REBT propose therapists address irrational beliefs?

1) By offering unconditional support without confrontation
2) By detecting and disputing irrational beliefs through questioning
3) By focusing on past experiences to understand their origins
4) By using medication to manage symptoms of irrational beliefs

Answer 7

By detecting and disputing irrational beliefs through questioning

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive technique used in REBT?

1) Rational coping statements
2) Role-playing irrational beliefs
3) Scientific questioning
4) Reminder cards for rational beliefs

Answer 8

Role-playing irrational beliefs

Question 9

What is the purpose of shame-attacking exercises in REBT?

1) To teach clients to suppress negative emotions
2) To eliminate irrational beliefs about shame and embarrassment
3) To avoid situations that cause shame or guilt
4) To reinforce feelings of humiliation for self-reflection

Answer 9

To eliminate irrational beliefs about shame and embarrassment

Question 10

What did David et al. (2017) conclude about REBT in their meta-analysis?

1) REBT is effective across a narrow range of outcomes
2) REBT has strong evidence supporting its efficacy across many outcomes
3) REBT lacks robust evidence for its effectiveness in clinical settings
4) REBT is only effective for reducing irrational beliefs

Answer 10

REBT has strong evidence supporting its efficacy across many outcomes

Question 11

What is a unique feature of the therapeutic process in REBT?

1) It focuses exclusively on uncovering unconscious conflicts
2) It uses passive listening to encourage self-expression
3) It involves active, directive, and structured interventions
4) It relies on non-confrontational techniques

Answer 11

It involves active, directive, and structured interventions

Question 12

What is a rational coping statement in REBT?

1) “I must never fail to accomplish this task.”
2) “It’s okay if I fail; there’s no evidence that I must always succeed.”
3) “I’ll avoid this situation because it’s likely to go wrong.”
4) “I am completely responsible for my failures.”

Answer 12

“It’s okay if I fail; there’s no evidence that I must always succeed.”

Question 13

What role does humour play in REBT?

1) To minimize the importance of irrational beliefs
2) To distract clients from their negative emotions
3) To help clients gain perspective and challenge self-defeating thoughts
4) To avoid confrontational approaches during therapy

Answer 13

To help clients gain perspective and challenge self-defeating thoughts

Question 14

Which of the following best describes Ellis’ approach to therapy?

1) Non-directive and empathetic
2) Directive and confrontational, with humour
3) Psychoanalytical and introspective
4) Passive and reflective

Answer 14

Directive and confrontational, with humour

Question 15

What criticism has been directed at Ellis’ direct approach in REBT?

1) It focuses too heavily on past experiences
2) It may be unsuitable for clients with histories of abuse or invalidation
3) It lacks sufficient empirical support
4) It avoids addressing specific symptoms

Answer 15

It may be unsuitable for clients with histories of abuse or invalidation

Question 16

What is an example of a functional question used in REBT?

1) “Why did this happen to you?”
2) “Is this belief helping you achieve your goals?”
3) “What evidence from your past supports this belief?”
4) “How can others validate this belief for you?”

Answer 16

“Is this belief helping you achieve your goals?”

Question 17

What did Knapp et al. (2023) find about REBT in women at risk of exercise addiction?

1) REBT increased self-acceptance and reduced distress
2) REBT had no significant impact on exercise-related beliefs
3) REBT improved physical performance but not psychological outcomes
4) REBT was ineffective due to small sample sizes

Answer 17

REBT increased self-acceptance and reduced distress

Question 18

How does REBT address emotional distress?

1) By encouraging clients to reframe activating events
2) By reinforcing avoidance behaviours
3) By focusing on punishment for irrational beliefs
4) By resolving unconscious conflicts

Answer 18

By encouraging clients to reframe activating events

Question 19

What is a key limitation of current evidence for REBT?

1) Lack of focus on irrational beliefs
2) Small sample sizes and lack of control conditions in studies
3) Limited application to diverse cultural settings
4) Over-reliance on behavioural techniques

Answer 19

Small sample sizes and lack of control conditions in studies

Question 20

What philosophical influence shaped Ellis’ REBT?

1) Aristotle’s principles of logic
2) Freud’s psychoanalytic theories
3) Epictetus’ view that people are disturbed by their beliefs, not events
4) Pavlov’s research on classical conditioning

Answer 20

Epictetus’ view that people are disturbed by their beliefs, not events