Psychodynamic Approaches 1

Question 1

What is a key difference between the medical model and psychological formulation?

1) The medical model focuses on environmental factors, while psychological formulation ignores them
2) Psychological formulation emphasizes individual experiences rather than diagnostic labels
3) The medical model avoids treatment planning, while psychological formulation relies on it
4) Psychological formulation uses standardized biological tests

Answer 1

Psychological formulation emphasizes individual experiences rather than diagnostic labels

Question 2

What does the dimensional approach to mental health reject?

1) Social and environmental influences
2) The “all-or-nothing” dichotomy between normal and disordered states
3) Psychological formulation as a basis for treatment
4) The importance of diagnostic labels

Answer 2

The “all-or-nothing” dichotomy between normal and disordered states

Question 3

According to Freud, what drives human behaviour?

1) Conscious decisions influenced by external events
2) Unconscious conflicts and biological instincts
3) Environmental reinforcements and punishments
4) Free will and personal responsibility

Answer 3

Unconscious conflicts and biological instincts

Question 4

What is Freud’s tripartite model of personality composed of?

1) Rationality, morality, and instincts
2) Id, ego, and superego
3) Consciousness, subconsciousness, and unconsciousness
4) Reality, repression, and conflict

Answer 4

Id, ego, and superego

Question 5

What principle governs the id?

1) Reality principle
2) Pleasure principle
3) Morality principle
4) Balance principle

Answer 5

Pleasure principle

Question 6

What is the function of the ego in Freud’s theory?

1) It seeks immediate gratification for instinctual needs
2) It mediates between the id, superego, and reality
3) It enforces societal norms and moral standards
4) It stores unconscious desires and conflicts

Answer 6

It mediates between the id, superego, and reality

Question 7

What is the primary function of the superego?

1) To satisfy instinctual drives
2) To balance rationality with morality
3) To uphold social and moral standards
4) To integrate unconscious desires into conscious awareness

Answer 7

To uphold social and moral standards

Question 8

What is the primary source of energy in Freud’s psychodynamic model?

1) Cognitive processing
2) Instincts and psychic energy
3) Environmental reinforcements
4) Emotional regulation

Answer 8

Instincts and psychic energy

Question 9

What does Freud’s theory of psychosexual development emphasize?

1) Biological and social influences on behaviour
2) Resolution of conflicts at each developmental stage
3) The importance of environmental reinforcements
4) A universal progression through cognitive stages

Answer 9

Resolution of conflicts at each developmental stage

Question 10

What is a fixation in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

1) Progression to the next developmental stage
2) An unresolved conflict resulting in personality traits linked to an earlier stage
3) Complete resolution of conflicts at all developmental stages
4) A temporary delay in achieving developmental milestones

Answer 10

An unresolved conflict resulting in personality traits linked to an earlier stage

Question 11

Which stage of psychosexual development involves self-manipulation of genitals?

1) Oral stage
2) Anal stage
3) Phallic stage
4) Genital stage

Answer 11

Phallic stage

Question 12

What is the primary conflict in the Oedipus complex?

1) Identification with the opposite-sex parent
2) Incestuous desires for the opposite-sex parent repressed due to threat
3) Rivalry with siblings for parental attention
4) Fear of abandonment by both parents

Answer 12

Incestuous desires for the opposite-sex parent repressed due to threat

Question 13

What is the role of ego-defense mechanisms?

1) To reinforce id impulses
2) To resolve external conflicts with others
3) To manage anxiety by distorting or denying reality
4) To replace maladaptive behaviours with socially acceptable ones

Answer 13

To manage anxiety by distorting or denying reality

Question 14

What does displacement involve as a defense mechanism?

1) Redirecting energy from an unacceptable impulse to a safer object or person
2) Attributing unacceptable thoughts to others
3) Channelling frustrated energy into socially acceptable outlets
4) Denying the existence of the original impulse

Answer 14

Redirecting energy from an unacceptable impulse to a safer object or person

Question 15

What is the function of repression as a defense mechanism?

1) Keeping unacceptable impulses unconscious
2) Accepting unacceptable thoughts but minimizing their importance
3) Redirecting impulses into positive behaviours
4) Rationalizing unacceptable behaviours

Answer 15

Keeping unacceptable impulses unconscious

Question 16

What is neurotic anxiety in Freud’s psychodynamic theory?

1) Fear of external threats in the environment
2) Fear arising from the id’s instinctual impulses
3) Fear of violating moral or social norms
4) Fear associated with unresolved conflicts in the superego

Answer 16

Fear arising from the id’s instinctual impulses

Question 17

What is Freud’s view on the unconscious mind?

1) It has little influence on behaviour
2) It contains material that influences behaviour but is inaccessible to awareness
3) It serves as the primary source of logical decision-making
4) It operates entirely independently of conscious processes

Answer 17

It contains material that influences behaviour but is inaccessible to awareness

Question 18

What is the goal of psychological formulation in mental health practice?

1) To identify the biological basis of mental disorders
2) To hypothesize about the origins and maintenance of a person’s difficulties
3) To establish diagnostic criteria for mental disorders
4) To prioritize pharmacological interventions over therapy

Answer 18

To hypothesize about the origins and maintenance of a person’s difficulties

Question 19

What distinguishes neurotic anxiety from moral anxiety?

1) Neurotic anxiety is a fear of real-world dangers, while moral anxiety involves id impulses
2) Neurotic anxiety stems from id impulses, while moral anxiety arises from the superego
3) Neurotic anxiety is unrelated to the ego, while moral anxiety is ego-based
4) Neurotic anxiety is caused by environmental stressors, while moral anxiety is not

Answer 19

Neurotic anxiety stems from id impulses, while moral anxiety arises from the superego

Question 20

How does Freud’s dynamic energy system view personality?

1) Personality is static and unchanging
2) Personality evolves based on the conservation and transformation of psychic energy
3) Personality is solely shaped by conscious decisions
4) Personality is driven exclusively by external factors

Answer 20

Personality evolves based on the conservation and transformation of psychic energy