Cognitive Behavioural Approaches 1 Flashcards
What is the primary focus of behavioural therapy?
1) Exploring unconscious conflicts behind behaviours
2) Understanding the role of internal cognitive processes
3) Changing observable and current behaviours
4) Emphasizing genetic factors in behaviour
Changing observable and current behaviours
What is the conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov’s classical conditioning?
1) A reflexive response to a neutral stimulus
2) A learned response to a conditioned stimulus
3) A reflexive response to an unconditioned stimulus
4) A learned response to an unconditioned stimulus
A learned response to a conditioned stimulus
What was the key finding of John B. Watson’s “Little Albert” experiment?
1) Fear responses cannot generalize to other stimuli
2) Emotional responses can be conditioned through pairing stimuli
3) Reflexive behaviours are innate and unchangeable
4) Emotional conditioning is ineffective in young children
Emotional responses can be conditioned through pairing stimuli
What principle explains the maintenance of phobias according to operant conditioning?
1) Classical reinforcement
2) Positive punishment
3) Negative reinforcement through avoidance
4) Generalization of fear responses
Negative reinforcement through avoidance
How are compulsions in OCD maintained according to behavioural theory?
1) They provide a distraction from intrusive thoughts
2) They are positively reinforced through rewards
3) They are negatively reinforced by reducing anxiety
4) They are learned through social observation
They are negatively reinforced by reducing anxiety
What is the role of observational learning in Bandura’s social cognitive theory?
1) Reinforcement is the only method for behaviour acquisition
2) People learn behaviours through imitation of others
3) Behaviour is solely influenced by environmental stimuli
4) Learning occurs independently of social contexts
People learn behaviours through imitation of others
What is the primary goal of systematic desensitization?
1) Replacing a fear response with a relaxation response
2) Eliminating fear through direct confrontation of stimuli
3) Teaching clients to avoid anxiety-provoking situations
4) Gradually increasing the intensity of feared stimuli
Replacing a fear response with a relaxation response
What method is used in graded exposure therapy?
1) Simultaneous pairing of stimuli and relaxation techniques
2) Gradual real-life contact with feared stimuli until habituation occurs
3) Direct and prolonged exposure to the most feared stimulus
4) Observing others handle the feared stimulus
Gradual real-life contact with feared stimuli until habituation occurs
What is a characteristic of flooding in behavioural therapy?
1) Gradual exposure to feared stimuli with therapist guidance
2) Intense, prolonged exposure to feared stimuli
3) Avoidance of direct contact with feared stimuli
4) Sole reliance on relaxation techniques
Intense, prolonged exposure to feared stimuli
What distinguishes aversion therapy from operant conditioning?
1) It uses reinforcement to encourage desired behaviours
2) It pairs a target stimulus with an aversive stimulus
3) It relies on social observation and modeling
4) It focuses on positive reinforcement only
It pairs a target stimulus with an aversive stimulus
What did Egara & Mosimege (2024) find about systematic desensitization for math anxiety?
1) It had no effect on reducing anxiety or improving achievement
2) It reduced math anxiety and improved math achievement
3) It improved math achievement but had no effect on anxiety
4) It was less effective than the control condition
It reduced math anxiety and improved math achievement
What finding did Emmelkamp et al. (2001) report about in-vivo vs. virtual reality exposure for acrophobia?
1) In-vivo exposure was significantly more effective
2) Virtual reality exposure was more effective than in-vivo exposure
3) Both methods were equally effective in reducing anxiety and avoidance
4) Neither method showed long-term benefits
Both methods were equally effective in reducing anxiety and avoidance
What is the purpose of a token economy in operant conditioning?
1) To punish maladaptive behaviours
2) To positively reinforce desired behaviours with tokens
3) To eliminate undesired behaviours through aversive stimuli
4) To increase anxiety to promote behaviour change
To positively reinforce desired behaviours with tokens
What is the ABC model in behavioural therapy?
1) Antecedents, behaviours, and consequences
2) Anxiety, beliefs, and coping mechanisms
3) Actions, boundaries, and cognitive distortions
4) Avoidance, behaviours, and conditioning
Antecedents, behaviours, and consequences
What is reciprocal inhibition in systematic desensitization?
1) Increasing anxiety through confrontation with feared stimuli
2) Reducing anxiety by pairing relaxation with the feared stimulus
3) Gradual exposure to stimuli without a hierarchy
4) Using social observation to eliminate fear
Reducing anxiety by pairing relaxation with the feared stimulus
What was a controversial historical use of aversion therapy?
1) Treating math anxiety with relaxation techniques
2) Treating substance abuse with negative reinforcement
3) Attempting to “cure” homosexuality using aversive stimuli
4) Reducing anxiety through prolonged exposure
Attempting to “cure” homosexuality using aversive stimuli
What role does self-efficacy play in modeling interventions?
1) It ensures clients avoid anxiety-provoking stimuli
2) It reduces the importance of social learning
3) It helps clients feel confident in imitating observed behaviours
4) It discourages therapists from modeling behaviours
It helps clients feel confident in imitating observed behaviours
What principle underpins positive reinforcement in behavioural therapy?
1) Introducing an aversive stimulus to eliminate a behaviour
2) Providing a pleasant stimulus to increase desired behaviours
3) Avoiding an unpleasant stimulus to reinforce behaviours
4) Eliminating external rewards to extinguish behaviours
Providing a pleasant stimulus to increase desired behaviours
What is a limitation of pure behavioural therapy?
1) It ignores the role of reinforcement in behaviour maintenance
2) It underemphasizes internal cognitive processes
3) It cannot be applied to anxiety disorders or OCD
4) It lacks empirical support for its techniques
It underemphasizes internal cognitive processes
What type of behaviour does social learning theory address?
1) Innate behaviours shaped by genetics
2) Behaviours acquired solely through reinforcement
3) Behaviours learned through observing others
4) Reflexive responses that cannot be altered
Behaviours learned through observing others
