Cognitive Behavioural Approaches 3

Question 1

What is the main premise of Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy (CT)?

1) Psychological disorders are caused by genetic predispositions
2) Faulty information processing leads to psychological distress
3) Emotional issues stem primarily from environmental factors
4) Behavioural interventions are the sole focus of therapy

Answer 1

Faulty information processing leads to psychological distress

Question 2

What are schemas in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

1) Involuntary, recurring thoughts linked to distress
2) Fundamental beliefs and assumptions about oneself and the world
3) Unconscious conflicts influencing behaviour
4) Learned responses to external stimuli

Answer 2

Fundamental beliefs and assumptions about oneself and the world

Question 3

What does Beck’s cognitive triad include?

1) Beliefs, thoughts, and behaviours
2) Negative views about the self, world, and future
3) Fear, anger, and sadness
4) Faulty schemas, automatic thoughts, and emotions

Answer 3

Negative views about the self, world, and future

Question 4

What are automatic thoughts in Beck’s model?

1) Conscious, deliberate thoughts about the self
2) Involuntary, recurring thoughts reflecting schema content
3) Logical responses to external stimuli
4) Innate cognitive processes unrelated to schema

Answer 4

Involuntary, recurring thoughts reflecting schema content

Question 5

What is an example of dichotomous thinking in cognitive distortions?

1) “I failed this exam, so I’m a complete failure.”
2) “Everything will work out eventually.”
3) “This one mistake means nothing in the bigger picture.”
4) “I did poorly on this test because it was difficult.”

Answer 5

“I failed this exam, so I’m a complete failure.”

Question 6

Which cognitive distortion involves drawing conclusions without evidence?

1) Arbitrary inference
2) Selective abstraction
3) Overgeneralisation
4) Personalisation

Answer 6

Arbitrary inference

Question 7

What is the primary goal of cognitive therapy?

1) Correcting faulty information processing and modifying dysfunctional beliefs
2) Focusing on unconscious conflicts that influence behaviour
3) Avoiding emotional confrontation to reduce distress
4) Solely reinforcing positive behaviours

Answer 7

Correcting faulty information processing and modifying dysfunctional beliefs

Question 8

What is a key feature of collaborative empiricism in Beck’s therapy?

1) Therapists dictate treatment goals without client input
2) Clients and therapists work together to test and modify beliefs
3) Clients are passive recipients of treatment interventions
4) Empirical data is ignored in favour of intuitive approaches

Answer 8

Clients and therapists work together to test and modify beliefs

Question 9

What is the purpose of Socratic dialogue in cognitive therapy?

1) To replace irrational thoughts with therapist-provided beliefs
2) To encourage clients to explore and challenge their own beliefs
3) To ensure compliance with therapeutic tasks
4) To avoid confrontation during therapy sessions

Answer 9

To encourage clients to explore and challenge their own beliefs

Question 10

What distinguishes third-wave CBT approaches from traditional CBT?

1) They focus solely on symptom reduction
2) They address the content of thoughts rather than their context
3) They emphasize acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based goals
4) They are less holistic than traditional CBT

Answer 10

They emphasize acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based goals

Question 11

What does Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) aim to address?

1) Mild depressive symptoms
2) Emotional dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties
3) Cognitive distortions in generalised anxiety disorder
4) Dysfunctional schemas in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 11

Emotional dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties

Question 12

What is a recommended use of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)?

1) Preventing relapse in recurrent depression
2) Treating specific phobias
3) Managing acute psychosis
4) Enhancing cognitive performance in older adults

Answer 12

Preventing relapse in recurrent depression

Question 13

How does Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) differ from traditional CBT?

1) It focuses on changing irrational beliefs
2) It emphasizes accepting thoughts as just thoughts, not facts
3) It avoids addressing emotional distress altogether
4) It rejects the importance of goal-setting

Answer 13

It emphasizes accepting thoughts as just thoughts, not facts

Question 14

What did DeRubeis et al. (2005) find about CBT for severe major depressive disorder?

1) CBT was less effective than antidepressants
2) CBT was as effective as antidepressants and more effective than placebo
3) CBT showed no measurable effects compared to other treatments
4) CBT was only effective for mild depression

Answer 14

CBT was as effective as antidepressants and more effective than placebo

Question 15

What was a limitation of the findings from Naeem et al. (2015) on culturally adapted CBT in Pakistan?

1) The study lacked long-term follow-up
2) It was less effective than treatment-as-usual (TAU)
3) There were no culturally relevant modifications in the intervention
4) The sample size was too small for generalization

Answer 15

The sample size was too small for generalization

Question 16

What aspect of culturally adapted CBT was emphasized in Naeem et al. (2015)?

1) Use of Western therapeutic models without modification
2) Involvement of family members and culturally relevant examples
3) Exclusion of religious or cultural narratives in therapy
4) Translation of client responses into English

Answer 16

Involvement of family members and culturally relevant examples

Question 17

What evidence supports the effectiveness of CBT for phobias and anxiety?

1) Kani et al. (2015) found that 79% of dental phobia patients underwent treatment without sedation after CBT
2) CBT was less effective than behavioural exposure therapies for phobias
3) CBT showed no significant improvement in self-reported anxiety scores
4) CBT was only effective for children under 10

Answer 17

Kani et al. (2015) found that 79% of dental phobia patients underwent treatment without sedation after CBT

Question 18

What does the research on gender differences in CBT suggest?

1) CBT is more effective for women due to higher emotional intelligence
2) Gender differences do not significantly influence CBT efficacy for depression
3) Men respond better to CBT for anxiety disorders than women
4) Gender differences affect CBT efficacy only in collectivist cultures

Answer 18

Gender differences do not significantly influence CBT efficacy for depression

Question 19

What criticism has been raised about the assumption of faulty thinking in CBT?

1) Improvement can occur without significant changes in dysfunctional beliefs
2) Faulty thinking is the only mechanism of change in CBT
3) CBT research generalizes well to clinical practice
4) Therapist drift decreases the importance of manualized treatments

Answer 19

Improvement can occur without significant changes in dysfunctional beliefs

Question 20

What is one strength of CBT highlighted in the document?

1) It is supported by the greatest weight of empirical evidence for psychological disorders
2) It focuses primarily on unconscious processes and emotional conflicts
3) It avoids the use of cultural adaptations for diverse populations
4) It limits therapy to symptom-focused interventions

Answer 20

It is supported by the greatest weight of empirical evidence for psychological disorders