Multicultural Considerations In Psychotherapy Flashcards
What is the “dodo bird effect” in psychotherapy?
1) A preference for humanistic approaches in clinical practice
2) The belief that all therapies have equivalent outcomes
3) The dominance of western therapies in diverse contexts
4) The overemphasis on cultural adaptation in mainstream therapies
The belief that all therapies have equivalent outcomes
What is a common critique of humanistic psychotherapies (HPs)?
1) Lack of specific techniques and reliance on DSM categories
2) Limited empirical support compared to evidence-based treatments
3) Overemphasis on the medical model and structured interventions
4) Failure to address cultural diversity in therapeutic approaches
Limited empirical support compared to evidence-based treatments
What did King et al. (2000) find about person-centred therapy (PCT) for depression?
1) PCT was less effective than CBT in reducing depressive symptoms
2) PCT and CBT were equally effective in the short term but not at 12 months
3) PCT was ineffective for moderate-to-severe depression
4) PCT showed greater long-term satisfaction but lower effectiveness
PCT and CBT were equally effective in the short term but not at 12 months
What challenge do humanistic psychotherapies face regarding evidence standards?
1) They focus on treating symptoms rather than the person
2) They are not well-suited for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
3) They rely heavily on medical models and DSM classifications
4) They lack any research interest or clinical application
They are not well-suited for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
What is the core value of multicultural psychotherapy?
1) Applying universal therapeutic principles across cultures
2) Acknowledging and integrating cultural diversity into therapy
3) Using traditional therapies regardless of cultural background
4) Prioritising individualism over collectivism in all contexts
Acknowledging and integrating cultural diversity into therapy
What worldview dimension contrasts western and eastern cultures?
1) Spiritualism vs materialism
2) Collectivism vs individualism
3) Determinism vs free will
4) Emotionalism vs cognitivism
Collectivism vs individualism
What is Derald Sue’s critique of traditional Eurocentric therapies?
1) They are universally applicable but under-researched
2) They support monocultural worldviews and can harm minority groups
3) They overemphasize multicultural competencies
4) They rely exclusively on non-directive techniques
They support monocultural worldviews and can harm minority groups
What is cultural empathy in therapy?
1) Understanding universal aspects of human behaviour
2) Listening to culturally relevant cues and checking for accuracy
3) Avoiding conversations about cultural differences
4) Applying generalised therapeutic techniques regardless of culture
Listening to culturally relevant cues and checking for accuracy
What is the goal of “cultural humility” in psychotherapy?
1) To impose the therapist’s cultural perspective on the client
2) To avoid addressing issues of power and privilege in therapy
3) To acknowledge and address the therapist’s own cultural biases
4) To rely solely on client narratives without therapist input
To acknowledge and address the therapist’s own cultural biases
What are microaggressions according to Sue et al. (2007)?
1) Conscious acts of hostility toward minority groups
2) Subtle, often unintentional, slights that communicate bias or insult
3) Direct statements about cultural differences
4) Structural barriers in accessing mental health care
Subtle, often unintentional, slights that communicate bias or insult
Which is NOT one of the three components of multicultural counselling competencies (MCCs)?
1) Awareness of one’s own assumptions, values, and biases
2) Mastery of specific cultural therapeutic techniques
3) Understanding the worldview of culturally different clients
4) Developing culturally appropriate strategies and techniques
Mastery of specific cultural therapeutic techniques
What did McArthur et al. (2013) find about school-based humanistic counselling?
1) It was ineffective in reducing psychological distress in young people
2) It showed short-term effectiveness in reducing distress in young people
3) It was more effective than CBT for moderate-to-severe depression
4) It had long-term effects on improving school performance
It showed short-term effectiveness in reducing distress in young people
What potential barrier to adapting person-centred therapy (PCT) for diverse groups was noted?
1) Difficulty applying unconditional positive regard to collectivist cultures
2) Clients may resist discussing problems outside the family
3) PCT requires structured interventions not suited to cultural adaptation
4) Empathy is less effective in cross-cultural contexts
Clients may resist discussing problems outside the family
What is a strength of non-western therapies like mindfulness-based practices?
1) They rely on strict cognitive models for change
2) Evidence indicates they reduce psychological stress
3) They apply only to collectivist cultural groups
4) They eliminate the need for cultural adaptation
Evidence indicates they reduce psychological stress
What did Naikan therapy focus on?
1) Cultivating gratitude and finding meaning
2) Modifying cognitive distortions through logical reasoning
3) Treating trauma by focusing on the past
4) Integrating mindfulness into western therapies
Cultivating gratitude and finding meaning
What is a limitation of multicultural approaches in psychotherapy research?
1) Lack of attention to culturally diverse client groups
2) Over-reliance on anecdotal evidence
3) Exclusion of traditional western therapeutic methods
4) Failure to integrate client values into treatment
Lack of attention to culturally diverse client groups
How can therapists address power and privilege in therapy?
1) Avoid discussing cultural differences to maintain neutrality
2) Unpack their own biases and “invisible knapsack” of privilege
3) Focus solely on the client’s experiences without self-reflection
4) Emphasise individualistic values regardless of cultural context
Unpack their own biases and “invisible knapsack” of privilege
What finding did Owen et al. (2016) report about cultural humility in therapy?
1) Therapists’ cultural humility correlated with better therapy outcomes
2) Cultural humility was unrelated to client satisfaction
3) Cultural humility was more important than empathy in therapy
4) Therapists with cultural humility were less effective
Therapists’ cultural humility correlated with better therapy outcomes
What is a challenge of adapting mainstream therapies to be culturally sensitive?
1) Mainstream therapies are inherently inflexible
2) Clients may perceive therapists as overly directive
3) Therapists may struggle to integrate cultural empathy
4) Clients may resist engaging in culturally tailored techniques
Therapists may struggle to integrate cultural empathy
What does the “invisible knapsack” metaphor highlight?
1) The therapist’s responsibility to ignore power dynamics in therapy
2) Unacknowledged privileges that individuals from dominant cultures possess
3) Clients’ unwillingness to explore their cultural backgrounds
4) The irrelevance of cultural identity in psychotherapy
Unacknowledged privileges that individuals from dominant cultures possess
