Multicultural Considerations In Psychotherapy

Question 1

What is the “dodo bird effect” in psychotherapy?

1) A preference for humanistic approaches in clinical practice
2) The belief that all therapies have equivalent outcomes
3) The dominance of western therapies in diverse contexts
4) The overemphasis on cultural adaptation in mainstream therapies

Answer 1

The belief that all therapies have equivalent outcomes

Question 2

What is a common critique of humanistic psychotherapies (HPs)?

1) Lack of specific techniques and reliance on DSM categories
2) Limited empirical support compared to evidence-based treatments
3) Overemphasis on the medical model and structured interventions
4) Failure to address cultural diversity in therapeutic approaches

Answer 2

Limited empirical support compared to evidence-based treatments

Question 3

What did King et al. (2000) find about person-centred therapy (PCT) for depression?

1) PCT was less effective than CBT in reducing depressive symptoms
2) PCT and CBT were equally effective in the short term but not at 12 months
3) PCT was ineffective for moderate-to-severe depression
4) PCT showed greater long-term satisfaction but lower effectiveness

Answer 3

PCT and CBT were equally effective in the short term but not at 12 months

Question 4

What challenge do humanistic psychotherapies face regarding evidence standards?

1) They focus on treating symptoms rather than the person
2) They are not well-suited for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
3) They rely heavily on medical models and DSM classifications
4) They lack any research interest or clinical application

Answer 4

They are not well-suited for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

Question 5

What is the core value of multicultural psychotherapy?

1) Applying universal therapeutic principles across cultures
2) Acknowledging and integrating cultural diversity into therapy
3) Using traditional therapies regardless of cultural background
4) Prioritising individualism over collectivism in all contexts

Answer 5

Acknowledging and integrating cultural diversity into therapy

Question 6

What worldview dimension contrasts western and eastern cultures?

1) Spiritualism vs materialism
2) Collectivism vs individualism
3) Determinism vs free will
4) Emotionalism vs cognitivism

Answer 6

Collectivism vs individualism

Question 7

What is Derald Sue’s critique of traditional Eurocentric therapies?

1) They are universally applicable but under-researched
2) They support monocultural worldviews and can harm minority groups
3) They overemphasize multicultural competencies
4) They rely exclusively on non-directive techniques

Answer 7

They support monocultural worldviews and can harm minority groups

Question 8

What is cultural empathy in therapy?

1) Understanding universal aspects of human behaviour
2) Listening to culturally relevant cues and checking for accuracy
3) Avoiding conversations about cultural differences
4) Applying generalised therapeutic techniques regardless of culture

Answer 8

Listening to culturally relevant cues and checking for accuracy

Question 9

What is the goal of “cultural humility” in psychotherapy?

1) To impose the therapist’s cultural perspective on the client
2) To avoid addressing issues of power and privilege in therapy
3) To acknowledge and address the therapist’s own cultural biases
4) To rely solely on client narratives without therapist input

Answer 9

To acknowledge and address the therapist’s own cultural biases

Question 10

What are microaggressions according to Sue et al. (2007)?

1) Conscious acts of hostility toward minority groups
2) Subtle, often unintentional, slights that communicate bias or insult
3) Direct statements about cultural differences
4) Structural barriers in accessing mental health care

Answer 10

Subtle, often unintentional, slights that communicate bias or insult

Question 11

Which is NOT one of the three components of multicultural counselling competencies (MCCs)?

1) Awareness of one’s own assumptions, values, and biases
2) Mastery of specific cultural therapeutic techniques
3) Understanding the worldview of culturally different clients
4) Developing culturally appropriate strategies and techniques

Answer 11

Mastery of specific cultural therapeutic techniques

Question 12

What did McArthur et al. (2013) find about school-based humanistic counselling?

1) It was ineffective in reducing psychological distress in young people
2) It showed short-term effectiveness in reducing distress in young people
3) It was more effective than CBT for moderate-to-severe depression
4) It had long-term effects on improving school performance

Answer 12

It showed short-term effectiveness in reducing distress in young people

Question 13

What potential barrier to adapting person-centred therapy (PCT) for diverse groups was noted?

1) Difficulty applying unconditional positive regard to collectivist cultures
2) Clients may resist discussing problems outside the family
3) PCT requires structured interventions not suited to cultural adaptation
4) Empathy is less effective in cross-cultural contexts

Answer 13

Clients may resist discussing problems outside the family

Question 14

What is a strength of non-western therapies like mindfulness-based practices?

1) They rely on strict cognitive models for change
2) Evidence indicates they reduce psychological stress
3) They apply only to collectivist cultural groups
4) They eliminate the need for cultural adaptation

Answer 14

Evidence indicates they reduce psychological stress

Question 15

What did Naikan therapy focus on?

1) Cultivating gratitude and finding meaning
2) Modifying cognitive distortions through logical reasoning
3) Treating trauma by focusing on the past
4) Integrating mindfulness into western therapies

Answer 15

Cultivating gratitude and finding meaning

Question 16

What is a limitation of multicultural approaches in psychotherapy research?

1) Lack of attention to culturally diverse client groups
2) Over-reliance on anecdotal evidence
3) Exclusion of traditional western therapeutic methods
4) Failure to integrate client values into treatment

Answer 16

Lack of attention to culturally diverse client groups

Question 17

How can therapists address power and privilege in therapy?

1) Avoid discussing cultural differences to maintain neutrality
2) Unpack their own biases and “invisible knapsack” of privilege
3) Focus solely on the client’s experiences without self-reflection
4) Emphasise individualistic values regardless of cultural context

Answer 17

Unpack their own biases and “invisible knapsack” of privilege

Question 18

What finding did Owen et al. (2016) report about cultural humility in therapy?

1) Therapists’ cultural humility correlated with better therapy outcomes
2) Cultural humility was unrelated to client satisfaction
3) Cultural humility was more important than empathy in therapy
4) Therapists with cultural humility were less effective

Answer 18

Therapists’ cultural humility correlated with better therapy outcomes

Question 19

What is a challenge of adapting mainstream therapies to be culturally sensitive?

1) Mainstream therapies are inherently inflexible
2) Clients may perceive therapists as overly directive
3) Therapists may struggle to integrate cultural empathy
4) Clients may resist engaging in culturally tailored techniques

Answer 19

Therapists may struggle to integrate cultural empathy

Question 20

What does the “invisible knapsack” metaphor highlight?

1) The therapist’s responsibility to ignore power dynamics in therapy
2) Unacknowledged privileges that individuals from dominant cultures possess
3) Clients’ unwillingness to explore their cultural backgrounds
4) The irrelevance of cultural identity in psychotherapy

Answer 20

Unacknowledged privileges that individuals from dominant cultures possess