Introduction To Mental Health Problems

Question 1

What is psychotherapy?

1) A casual conversation addressing emotional problems
2) A structured therapy aiming to change behaviours, thoughts, and emotions using psychological techniques
3) A form of short-term crisis counselling
4) A medical approach focused on diagnosing disorders

Answer 1

A structured therapy aiming to change behaviours, thoughts, and emotions using psychological techniques

Question 2

How does counselling differ from psychotherapy?

1) Counselling focuses on deeper, long-term emotional growth
2) Counselling addresses immediate problems in a short-term, shallow way
3) Counselling uses clinical methods to address mental health disorders
4) Counselling relies exclusively on psychoanalytic techniques

Answer 2

Counselling addresses immediate problems in a short-term, shallow way

Question 3

How does the DSM-5 define a mental health disorder?

1) A condition caused entirely by genetic factors
2) A clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behaviour
3) A temporary deviation from societal norms
4) A condition diagnosed through biological tests

Answer 3

A clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behaviour

Question 4

What does the “deviance” criterion in the four D’s heuristic refer to?

1) Symptoms that interfere with daily life
2) Behaviour that deviates from cultural or statistical norms
3) Emotional distress experienced by the individual
4) Danger posed to the individual or others

Answer 4

Behaviour that deviates from cultural or statistical norms

Question 5

What is “point prevalence” in mental health?

1) The proportion of people affected by a disorder at any time during their life
2) The proportion of people affected by a disorder at a specific point in time
3) The number of new cases of a disorder in a given time period
4) The lifetime risk of developing a disorder

Answer 5

The proportion of people affected by a disorder at a specific point in time

Question 6

Which is a key characteristic of major depressive disorder?

1) Brief periods of sadness linked to specific events
2) Persistent low mood, loss of interest, and fatigue without a clear cause
3) Excessive worry about multiple events or situations
4) Intense fear triggered by specific objects or situations

Answer 6

Persistent low mood, loss of interest, and fatigue without a clear cause

Question 7

What differentiates social anxiety disorder from generalized anxiety disorder?

1) Generalized anxiety disorder involves social fears, while social anxiety disorder does not
2) Social anxiety disorder is characterized by fear of social situations and rejection
3) Social anxiety disorder is linked to excessive worry about multiple life events
4) Generalized anxiety disorder does not involve any physical symptoms

Answer 7

Social anxiety disorder is characterized by fear of social situations and rejection

Question 8

What is the distinction between obsessions and compulsions in OCD?

1) Obsessions are behaviours, while compulsions are thoughts
2) Obsessions involve intrusive thoughts, and compulsions are repetitive behaviours to reduce distress
3) Compulsions involve emotional responses, while obsessions involve physical actions
4) Obsessions are voluntary, and compulsions are involuntary

Answer 8

Obsessions involve intrusive thoughts, and compulsions are repetitive behaviours to reduce distress

Question 9

What differentiates bipolar disorder I from bipolar disorder II?

1) Bipolar I involves alternating depression and hypomania, while bipolar II involves full manic episodes
2) Bipolar I involves manic episodes, while bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes
3) Bipolar II is more severe than bipolar I
4) Bipolar I involves depressive episodes only

Answer 9

Bipolar I involves manic episodes, while bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes

Question 10

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

1) Emotional withdrawal and reduced speech output
2) Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking
3) Difficulty making decisions and slowed thinking
4) Lack of motivation and reduced emotional expression

Answer 10

Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking

Question 11

What is a hallmark of anorexia nervosa?

1) Recurrent binge eating with compensatory behaviours
2) Refusal to maintain a minimum normal body weight and intense fear of gaining weight
3) Loss of control over food consumption without compensatory behaviours
4) Disordered eating linked to cultural norms

Answer 11

Refusal to maintain a minimum normal body weight and intense fear of gaining weight

Question 12

How does bulimia nervosa differ from anorexia nervosa?

1) Bulimia involves extreme food restriction, while anorexia involves overeating
2) Bulimia includes binge eating and compensatory behaviours, while anorexia focuses on weight loss
3) Bulimia patients deny their behaviour is problematic, while anorexia patients have insight
4) Bulimia does not involve physical health risks

Answer 12

Bulimia includes binge eating and compensatory behaviours, while anorexia focuses on weight loss

Question 13

What cluster of personality disorders includes avoidant and dependent types?

1) Cluster A: Odd/eccentric
2) Cluster B: Dramatic/emotional
3) Cluster C: Fearful/anxious
4) None of the above

Answer 13

Cluster C: Fearful/anxious

Question 14

What is the lifetime risk of schizophrenia in the general population?

1) 5%
2) 3%
3) 2%
4) 1%

Answer 14

1%

Question 15

What symptoms are common in PTSD?

1) Persistent low mood and fatigue
2) Flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, and hyper-vigilance
3) Fear of social situations and avoidance
4) Recurrent binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviours

Answer 15

Flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, and hyper-vigilance

Question 16

What does the dual continuum model of mental health propose?

1) Mental health and mental illness are opposites on the same spectrum
2) Mental health and mental illness exist on separate but related continuums
3) Mental illness determines the level of mental health
4) Mental health is not influenced by mental illness

Answer 16

Mental health and mental illness exist on separate but related continuums

Question 17

What type of prevalence measures the proportion of individuals who have ever had a disorder?

1) Point prevalence
2) Period prevalence
3) Lifetime prevalence
4) Incidence

Answer 17

Lifetime prevalence

Question 18

What is the key feature of phobias?

1) Excessive worry about multiple unrelated events
2) Persistent fear triggered by a specific object or situation
3) Fear of rejection in social settings
4) Recurrent intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviours

Answer 18

Persistent fear triggered by a specific object or situation

Question 19

What are “negative symptoms” in schizophrenia?

1) Delusions and hallucinations
2) Avolition and reduced emotional expression
3) Disorganized thinking and speech
4) Racing thoughts and increased risk-taking

Answer 19

Avolition and reduced emotional expression

Question 20

Which system is NOT used for diagnosing mental health disorders?

1) DSM-5
2) ICD-10
3) Heuristics of the Four D’s
4) Big Five Personality Traits

Answer 20

Big Five Personality Traits