Understand how phychology has changed over time

Question 1

How Psychology has changed over time

Answer 1

• In the 1800’s Franz GALL used a method called
  PHRENOLOGY. Nothing much was learnt but this was
  the beginning for future methods to be used in
  the understanding of particular parts of the brain
  *****
  
  • In the 1930s PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY was
    discovered. This was a popular method used to treat
    patients with very serious behaviour problems.
• This method had side effects, patients were found to
  show no emotion and had trouble solving problems.
• Not a popular method as part of the brain had to be
  cut open
• LOBOTOMIES ARE NO LONGER USED TO TREAT
  MENTAL DISORDERS
  *******
• In 1975 PENFIELD discovered ELECTRICAL
  STIMULATION
• This method was used to find malfunctioning areas of
  the brain. when the area was located it would be
  removed.
  *******
• In the 1970s & Early 1980’s further advances with
  CAT, PET ADN MRL Scanning. These methods are still being used today.

Question 2

What is a CAT (Computer Assisted Tomography)

This method was impossible before the invention of the modern computer

Answer 2

This is a Scan using traditional x-ray images from many different sections and directions. A computer is then used to calculate the shapes & positions of objects blocking the x-rays.

Question 3

What is a PET ( Position Emission Tomography)

Answer 3

This technique allows us to look at brain activity while the patient is engaged in mental activity.
EXAMPLE: The patient is given an injection of Radioactive Glucose and the PET Scan records the areas of the brain that are actively utilizing the radioactive glucose for energy.

Question 4

Wha is an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Answer 4

MRI uses magnetic fields to study the chemical activity of the brain cells. the magnetic field causes the nuclei of the brain cells to line up. This allows scientists to measure brain activity in patients engaged in mental
activity.