Research methods Flashcards
Ethical- Informed consent
Everyone who participates in research should have consented fully understanding their involvement.
Ethical- Right to withdraw
The participant should be made aware of their right to drop out of the research whenever they want
Ethical- Deception
Should not lie, the purpose of the experiment and what was happening.
Ethical- confidentiality
Should not be named/no public.
Ethical- Protection from harm- protection of participants
Not to harm participation.
Sample- Chosen participants
A good sample is important so that we can make generalisations. Apply what we have learnt from research to the general population.
Methods: Simple random sample
Random selection of a number of individuals from a sampling frame. S: like to be representative W: Could exclude key groups. Can be through e.g. names from a hat.
Methods: Stratified random sample
Divide the population into strata of relevant characteristics. S: representative, including key groups W: example/difficult
Methods: Opportunity sample
Using people who are available. S: Convenience, W: Introduces bias into the sample; unlikely to be representative
Methods: Volunteer sample
Any participants who want to join. S: Good for selecting people with particular characteristics ( with a particular mental health condition or certain social characteristics) W: introduces bias into the sample; unlikely to be representative. often recruited through e.g. an advertisement
Experiments- A field experiment
S: set in a natural environment. W: Lack of control of extraneous variables
Experimenta- Natural experiment
S: The IV is naturally occurring e.g. earthquake. W: Lack of control of extraneous variables. Not possible to randomly allocate participants
Extraneous
Not directly connected with or related to something. Extra, might affect the experiment
When does deception happen?
Usually occurs during a debrief, where the aims and intended outcomes of a study are fully disclosed
How is deception dealt with?
That researchers keep participants records in a safe and secure place, and destroy them after a suitable amount of time, as agreed with participants