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Anatomy > Ultrastructure of Skin > Flashcards

Ultrastructure of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is glabrous skin?

A

Thick skin over palms and soles

Free from hair

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2
Q

What are the three layers of skin, from superficial to deep?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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3
Q

What cell type largely forms the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes undergoing terminal maturation

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4
Q

What is cornification?

A

Process of keratinocytes undergoing terminal maturation

  • Increased keratin production
  • Migration towards external surface
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5
Q

What non-keratinocyte cells are found in the epidermis?

A

Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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6
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Produce melanin - gives skin pigment

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7
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

Antigen-presenting dendritic cells

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8
Q

What are Merkel cells?

A

Sensory mechanoreceptors

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9
Q

What are the strata of keratinocytes of the epidermis, from deepest to superficial, and what is occurring in each strata?

A

Stratum basale = mitosis of keratinocytes
Stratum spinosum = keratinocytes joined by tight intercellular junctions = desmosomes
Stratum granulosum = cells secrete lipids and other waterproofing molecules
Stratum lucidum = cells lose nuclei and drastically increase keratin production
Stratum corneum = cells lose all organelles, continue to produce keratin

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10
Q

How long does a keratinocyte take to travel from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

A

30-40 days

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11
Q

What connects the dermis to the epidermis?

A

Dermo-epidermal junction

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12
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis, from superficial to deep?

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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13
Q

What is the role of the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Provide durability, given its thicker bundles of collagen

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14
Q

What cell types and structures are found in the dermis?

A 
Fibroblasts
Mast cells
Blood vessels
Cutaneous sensory nerves
Skin appendages
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15
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts in the dermis?

A

Synthesise extracellular matrix

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16
Q

What are the predominant components of the extracellular matrix of the dermis?

A

Collagen

Elastin

17
Q

What are the skin appendages contained within the dermis?

A

Hair follicles
Nails
Sebaceous and sweat glands

18
Q

What is a pilosebaceous unit?

A

Hair follicle + sebaceous glands

19
Q

With which muscle is the hair follicle associated and what is its function?

A

Arrector pili - contracts to cause follicle to stand upright

20
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine

Apocrine

21
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands?

A 
Major type
Release clear, odourless substance comprised mostly of
- NaCl
- Water
- Involved in thermoregulation
22
Q

What are apocrine sweat glands?

A

Larger
Located in axillary and genital regions
Products of these glands broken down by cutaneous microbes, producing body odour

23
Q

What comprises the hypodermis?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

Anatomy (30 decks)

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