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Anatomy > Ultrastructure of Nerves > Flashcards

Ultrastructure of Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cell found in the nervous system?

A

Nerve cells = neurons

Glial cells

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2
Q

What is the function of neurons?

A

Transmit electrical/chemical signals

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3
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

Provide structural support for neurons

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4
Q

What are the key structural elements of neurons?

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminals

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell body?

A

Holds neuron’s nucleus

Site of protein synthesis

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6
Q

What is the nissal substance?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum in neuron’s cell body = rough endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

What is the distinct structure formed by grouped neuronal cell bodies?

A

In CNS, nucleus

In PNS, ganglion

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8
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Elongated portions of cell body

Receive input from environment/other neurons

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9
Q

What are axons?

A

Long, thin structure down which action potentials are conducted

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10
Q

What is myelin?

A

Layer of insulating lipid around axon

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11
Q

Which cells wrap around axons and form the myelin sheath?

A

In CNS, oligodendrocytes

In PNS, Schwann cells

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12
Q

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

A

Gaps between myelin sheaths along axon

Allow for saltatory conduction of impulses

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13
Q

What are axon terminals?

A

Most distal part of axon

From here, chemical signals sent to other cells

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14
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Connective tissue surrounding axon of individual neuron

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15
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

Connective tissue surrounding fascicle = collection of neurons

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16
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Connective tissue surrounding entire nerve, formed by collection of fascicles

17
Q

How do nerve fibres receive a blood supply?

A

Via epineurium

18
Q

Where does the epineurium appear on the nerve?

A

As it exits intervertebral foramen

19
Q

What forms the epineurium?

A

Fusion of arachnoid and pia mater

20
Q

What is the structure of a unipolar neuron?

A

Cell body is at one end of single unbranched axon

No dendrites

21
Q

What is the structure of a pseudounipolar neuron?

A

One axon which is divided into two branches by cell body

22
Q

What is the structure of a bipolar neuron?

A

Two processes arising from central cell body, typically one axon and one dendrite

23
Q

What is the structure of a multipolar neuron?

A

One axon
Many dendrites
Cell body displaced to one side of axon

Anatomy (30 decks)

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