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Anatomy > Development of the Reproductive System > Flashcards

Development of the Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the indifferent stage of gonadal development?

A

Initial stage

Undifferentiated gonads - cannot distinguish male and female

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2
Q

Where do the gonads begin development?

A

Genital ridges = pair of longitudinal ridge derived from intermediate mesoderm and overlying epithelium

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3
Q

From where do germ cells migrate into the gonads?

A

Endoderm lining of yolk sac

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4
Q

When do the germ cells migrate to the gonads?

A

Weeks 4-6

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5
Q

How are the primitive sex cords formed?

A

Proliferation of epithelium of genital ridge

Penetrates intermediate mesoderm

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6
Q

Which gene on the Y chromosome stimulates the formation of the testis cords?

A

SRY gene

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7
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

Fibrous connective tissue layer that forms over testis cords

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8
Q

What do the testis cords form?

A

Rete testis
Germ cells
Sertoli cells

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9
Q

When do the seminiferous tubules form?

A

During puberty

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10
Q

How do the seminiferous tubules form?

A

Testis cords acquire lumen

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11
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules do?

A

Site of sperm production

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12
Q

Where are the Leydig cells in the developing embryo?

A

Between testis cords

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13
Q

What do the Leydig cells do?

A

Produce testosterone

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14
Q

What happens to the primitive sex cords in the female embryo?

A

Degenerate

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15
Q

What forms the cortical cords in the female embryo?

A

Proliferation of epithelium of gonads

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16
Q

How do the primordial follicles of the ovaries form?

A

Cortical cords break into clusters, surrounding each oogonium with layer of epithelial follicular cells

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17
Q

What is an oogonium?

A

Germ cell

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18
Q

When do the primordial follicles form?

A

Month 3

19
Q

What are the two pairs of ducts, ending at the cloaca, that all embryos have at the initial stage of urogenital development?

A

Mesonephric/Wolffian ducts

Paramesonephric/Mullerian ducts

20
Q

What happens to the mesonephric ducts in male embryos?

A 
Mesonephric ducts develop into primary male genital ducts in presence of testosterone
Give rise to
- Efferent ductules
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Seminal vesicles
21
Q

What happens to the paramesonephric ducts in male embryos?

A

Degenerate in presence of anti-Mullerian hormone

22
Q

Which cells in the male embryo produce anti-Mullerian hormone?

A

Sertoli cells

23
Q

What is the remnant of the paramesonephric ducts in males?

A

Appendix testis

24
Q

What happens to the mesonephric ducts in female embryos?

A

Degenerate in the absence of testosterone

25
Q

What is the remnant of mesonephric ducts in female embryos?

A

Gartner’s duct

26
Q

What happens to the paramesonephric ducts in female embryos?

A 
Develop in absence of anti-Mullerian hormone
Form
- Uterine/Fallopian tubes
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Upper 1/3 of vagina
27
Q

What forms the lower 2/3 of the vagina?

A

Sinovaginal bulbs, derived from pelvic part of urogenital sinus

28
Q

How do the external genitalia form during the indifferent stage of reproductive embryological development?

A

Mesenchymal cells from primitive streak migrate to cloacal membrane > form pair of cloacal folds
Cranially, cloacal folds fuse > genital tubercle
Caudally, cloacal folds divide into
- Urethral folds, anteriorly
- Anal folds, posteriorly
Genital swellings develop either side of urethral folds

29
Q

What drives the formation of indifferent genitalia into male external genitalia?

A

Androgens from testes, mainly dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

30
Q

What forms the phallus in male embryos?

A

Genital tubercle

31
Q

What forms the urethral groove in male embryos?

A

Urethral folds

32
Q

What is derived from the urethral groove in male foetuses?

A

Penile urethra

33
Q

From what is the scrotum derived?

A

Genital swellings > scrotal swellings

34
Q

What drives formation of indifferent genitalia into female external genitalia?

A

Oestrogens

35
Q

What forms the clitoris in female embryos?

A

Genital tubercle

36
Q

What forms the labia minora in female foetuses?

A

Urethral folds

37
Q

What forms the labia majora in female foetuses?

A

Labia majora

38
Q

What forms the vestibule into which the urethra and vagina open?

A

Urogenital groove

39
Q

What is the gubernaculum?

A

Ligamentous structure tethering gonads to scrotum/labia

40
Q

When do the testes pass through the inguinal canal?

A

During week 28

41
Q

By when do the testes reach the scrotum?

A

Week 33

42
Q

What is the adult remnant of the gubernaculum in males?

A

Scrotal ligament

43
Q

What is the adult remnant of the gubernaculum in females?

A

Ovarian ligament

Round ligament of uterus

Anatomy (30 decks)

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