The Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards
What are the pharyngeal pouches?
Outpouchings in lateral wall of pharynx
Which structures separate the pharyngeal arches?
Pharyngeal pouches on internal (endodermal) surface
Pharyngeal clefts on external (ectodermal) surface
What structure arises from the first pharyngeal cleft?
External auditory meatus
What structures arise from the second, third, and fourth pharyngeal clefts?
Temporary cervical sinuses
Obliterated by proliferating second pharyngeal arch
Which pharyngeal arch regresses soon after forming?
Fifth
What bones does the maxillary prominence become?
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Part of temporal bone
With which cartilage is the maxillary prominence associated, and to what does it give rise?
Maxillary cartilage
Gives rise to incus
What bone does the mandibular prominence become?
Mandible
With which cartilage is the mandibular prominence associated, and to what does it give rise?
Meckel’s cartilage
Gives rise to
- Malleus
- Sphenomandibular ligament
Into what does the artery of the first pharyngeal arch become?
Terminal portion of maxillary artery
What cranial nerve is associated with the first pharyngeal arch?
CN V
Which muscles are derived from the first pharyngeal arch?
Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid Anterior belly of digastric Tensor veli palatani Tensor tympani
What is the sensory field of the first pharyngeal arch?
Skin of face
Lining of mouth and nose
General sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
What two arteries are associated with the second pharyngeal arch?
Stapedial artery
Hyoid artery
What is the function of the stapedial artery?
Connects embryonic precursors of - Internal carotid artery - Internal maxillary artery - Middle meningeal artery Regresses before birth
What artery is derived from the hyoid artery?
Corticotympanic artery
What is the cartilage associated with the second pharyngeal arch, and to what does it give rise?
Reichart's cartilage Gives rise to - Stapes - Styloid process - Stylohyoid ligament - Upper body and lesser horn of hyoid bone
What cranial nerve is associated with the second pharyngeal arch?
CN VII
Which muscles are derived from the second pharyngeal arch?
Muscles of facial expression Stapedius Stylohyoid Platysma Posterior belly of digastric
What is the sensory field of the second pharyngeal arch?
Taste sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Into what does the artery associated with the third pharyngeal arch become?
Common carotid artery
Proximal portion of internal carotid artery
To what does the cartilaginous component of the third pharyngeal arch give rise?
Lower body and greater horn of hyoid
With which cranial nerve is the third pharyngeal arch associated?
CN IX
What muscles are derived from the third pharyngeal arch?
Stylopharyngeus
