Structures of a Synovial Joint Flashcards
What are the three main features of a synovial joint?
- Articular capsule
- Articular cartilage
- Synovial fluid
Where is the articular capsule in a synovial joint?
Surrounds joint
With which structure is the articular capsule continuous?
Periosteum of articulating bones
What are the two layers of the articular capsule?
Fibrous layer
Synovial layer
What is the fibrous layer of the articular capsule?
Outer layer
Made of white fibrous tissue = capsular ligament
Holds together articulating bones
Supports synovium
What is the synovial layer of the articular capsule/synovium?
Inner layer
Very vascular
Absorbs and secretes synovial fluid
Responsible for mediation of nutrient exchange between blood and joint
What kind of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint?
Hyaline
What are the two main roles of the articular cartilage?
- Minimise friction upon joint movement
2. Absorbing shock
What are the three main functions of synovial fluid?
- Lubrication
- Nutrient distribution
- Shock absorption
From where does the articular cartilage get nutrients?
Passive diffusion of nutrients from synovial fluid
What are the accessory structures of a synovial joint?
Accessory ligaments
Bursae
What is a bursa?
Small sac lined by synovial membrane, filled with synovial fluid
Give joints greater freedom of movement
Protect articular surfaces from friction-induced degeneration
What is Hilton’s Law?
Nerves supplying a joint also supply muscles moving that joint and skin covering their distal attachments
Which arteries supply synovial joints?
Articular arteries
From what do articular arteries arise?
Vessels around joint
