Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

English Majorship > Ultra Handout - 1 > Flashcards

Ultra Handout - 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

This refers to the prosodic features of speech. (Stress, Pitch, Tone/Intonation, Juncture)

A

Suprasegmental Features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Word or syllable being emphasize

A

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Emphasizing a single word — identifies the main subject being spoken about

ex. ENGLISH Teacher (from England)
English TEACHER (teacher who teaches English)

A

Word Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clarifies rather than identifies a subject

Ex. PREsent (n) preSENT (v)

A

Syllable stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Highness/Lowness of Voice

A

Pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How the voice rises/falls in a statement

A

Tone/Intonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wh-questions

who are you?

A

Falling intonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Yes-no questions

Are you here?

A

Rising Intonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uncertain and may add more; request

May I have this coffee please?

A

Fall/Rise Intonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

One sound and the sound that immediately precede and follow it. (Signaling Pause)

ex. I scream — Ice cream

A

Juncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When sounds are reduced instead of removed

ex. maintain — maintenance

A

Vowel Reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The process of flapping changes a stop to a flap

A

Flapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This occurs whenever the initial CV syllable in a multisyllabic word is repeated.

ex. Okey-dokey

A

Reduplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A change in stress can change noun to verb

ex. Présent (noun) — preSENT (verb)

A

Superfixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pertains to all syntactic words (inflected words) from the same lexeme (base word).

ex. take, takes, took, taken, taking

A

Paradigm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A type of language with a morpheme per word ratio close to one no inflectional morphology whatsoever. (single morpheme)

A

Isolating Morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A wholly different morpheme is used to replace and show grammatical contrast with another morpheme.

ex. Go — Went

A

Suppletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A change in vowel quality to mark grammatical contrasts

ex. Man — Men

A

Ablaut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A half word, half affix

ex. He’ll

A

Cliticization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A repeated morpheme

ex. Itsy - bitsy

A

Reduplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Compounds are those that denote a subtype of the head

ex. Oil can — type of can

A

Endocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Compounds are those that denote a semantic category different from the head.

ex. walkman — not a type of man but a type of machine

A

Exocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

to modify the wrong part of the sentence — we cannot be certain what part of the sentence the writer intended to modify

ex. The man left his dog with the top hat and pipe. (Confusing)

A

Misplaced Modifier

Correct: The man with the top hat and pipe left his dog.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

an ambiguous modifier (commonly an adverb) that appears to qualify the words both before and after it

ex. Instructors who cancel classes RARELY are reprimanded.

A

Squinting Modifier

correct: Instructors who cancel classes are rarely reprimanded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does not sensibly modify anything in its sentence. (Does not modify anything)

ex. With a sigh of disappointment, the expensive dress was returned to the rack. (Confusing)

A

Dangling Modifier

Correct: With a sigh of disappointment, she returned the expensive dress to the rack.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Part of a sentence that is left out to avoid repetition; OMISSION

ex. Birds can fly and I, too. — can fly has been removed.

A

Ellipsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Using another word to avoid redundancy; Substitution

ex. My friends have love life and SO DO I.

A

Pro-form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Verb Moods

A
  • Declarative/ Indicative
  • Interrogative
  • Imperative
  • Subjunctive
  • Exclamatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Telling someone something

A

Declarative or Indicative (telling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Asking someone something

A

Interrogative (asking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Getting someone to do something

A

Imperative (command)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

uncertain hypothetical (wishful), counterfactual

wish, were, could

A

Subjunctive (wish)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Exclamation sentence type

A

Exclamatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The subject is the doer of the action.

ex. He ruined his trust.

A

Active Voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The subject received the action of the sentence.

ex. Pedestrians are not permitted beyond this point.

A

Passive Voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Same sound; can be same or different spelling

ex. Pear (fruit) Pair (couple)

A

Homonymy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Same sound; different spelling

ex. Which (to select) Witch (a sorceress)

A

Homophone

38
Q

Same spelling: same or different sound

ex. Lie (untruth) Lie (lie down)

A

Homograph

39
Q

Same spelling; different sound

ex. Does (an act) Does (plural of doe, a female deer)

A

Heteronymy

40
Q

No inherent relation between the words of a language and their meanings

A

Language is Arbitrary

41
Q

Language is a set of conventional communicative signals used by humans for communication in a community

A

Language is Social

42
Q

All languages have their system of arrangements.

A

Language is systematic

43
Q

Language is primarily made up of vocal sounds only produced by a physiological articulatory mechanism in the body

A

Language is Vocal

44
Q

Language is the outcome of evolution and convention.

A

Language is non-instinctive, Conventional

45
Q

The structural elements of human language can be combined to produce new utterances.

A

Language is productive and creative

46
Q

Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts

A
  • Representative
  • Directive
  • Question
  • Commissive
  • Expressive
  • Declaration
47
Q

An utterance used to describe some STATE OF AFFAIRS. (stating)

ex. Javier plays golf.

A

Representative

48
Q

An utterance used to try to get the HEARER TO DO SOMETHING (ordering)

ex. Shut the door

A

Directive

49
Q

An utterance used to get the headed PROVIDE INFORMATION

ex. Who won the 2008 presidential election?

A

Question

50
Q

An utterance used to express the speaker’s EMOTIONAL STATE

ex. I’m sorry for calling you a dweeb.

A

Expressive

51
Q

An utterance used to CHANGE THE STATUS of some entity. (appointing)

ex. You’re hired.

A

Declaration

52
Q

Felicity Conditions

A
  • Preparatory Conditions
  • Sincerity Conditions
  • Essential Conditions
  • Propositional Content Conditions
53
Q

The status or authority of the speaker to perform the speech act

A

Preparatory Conditions

54
Q

Requires that the speaker is sincere in uttering the declaration

A

Sincerity Condition

55
Q

Requires that involved parties all intend the result — obligation to non-obligation

A

Essential Conditions

56
Q

Requires the participants to understand language, not to act like actors or to lie permanently

A

Propositional Content Conditions

57
Q

Verbals

A
  • Gerund
  • Participle
  • infinitive
58
Q

Acts as nouns — ends in ING

ex. LISTENING to classical music is my favorite activity.

A

Gerund

59
Q

Acts as an adjective — ends in ING or participle form

ex. The DANCING queen is my friend.

A

Participle

60
Q

Most versatile as it could be used as noun, adjectives, or adverbs

To + base form (ex. To sing)

TO TOP the exam is my goal.

A

Infinitive

61
Q

A quoted/reported statement — what someone has said, but does not use the person’s actual word.

A

Indirect Speech

62
Q

A punctuation mark that is used for possessive cases.

ex. A shopper’s delight

A

Apostrophe (‘)

63
Q

To begin an enumeration or a statement

ex. Here is the bad news: the joke was on me.

A

Colon (:)

64
Q

To connect words, ideas, etc.

ex. The country’s rice shortage is at an alarming rate, much faster than projected.

A

Comma (,)

65
Q

For emphasis and time lapse

ex. I felt the need — the need to stop being looked down again.

A

Dash (—)

66
Q

To mark an unfinished statement from an excerpt.

ex. …. and all I need is time.

A

Ellipsis (….)

67
Q

Put an end to a statement

ex. Thank you.

A

Period (.)

68
Q

To connect phrases, clauses, sentences, etc. (for longer group of words)

ex. I will strive to top the exam; the stakes are high.

A

Semi-Colon (;)

69
Q

To indicate interjection

ex. I topped the LET!

A

Exclamatory Point (!)

70
Q

The amount of a language that an individual possesses. (Individual language)

A

Idiolect

71
Q

Variety of language which is used in a certain geographical area.

A

Dialect

72
Q

A variety of language used by people in the same socio-cultural position

A

Sociolect

73
Q

Used in ethnic group

A

Ethnolect

74
Q

Taxonomy of Word Discourse

A
  • Denotation
  • Connotation
  • Idiom
  • Collocation
  • Archaic
  • Slang
  • Jargon
  • Faulty
75
Q

The dictionary meaning a word.

ex. Raketeer

A

Denotation

76
Q

The figurative or emotional association of a word.

A

Connotation

77
Q

Words that have special meaning which are different from its actual meaning

ex. Red Letter Day; sticks and stones

A

Idiom

78
Q

Words that need to be paired/partnered together

ex. Doing the dishes, making a bed, saving time

A

Collocation

79
Q

Words that were once widely used, but are no longer part of the English language

ex. Thy, thine, thou,

Prithee for please

A

Archaic (extinct)

80
Q

A language variety used in situations of extreme informality; usually with rebellious undertone

ex. Hook up, goofed

A

Slang

81
Q

Specialize terms used by group with shared specialized interests such as in a certain profession

ex. Andragogy for education
C++ for IT

A

Jargon

82
Q

An incorrect or nonstandard word

ex. Irregardless for regardless

A

Faulty

83
Q

Language Variation

A
  • Bilingualism
  • Code Switching
  • Diglossia
84
Q

Knowledge of two languages

A

Bilingualism

85
Q

The ability to change from one variant (language) to another

A

Code Switching

86
Q

Two distinct varieties of a language co-occur in a speech community — high social prestige with a low social prestige

A

Disglossia

87
Q

Human beings are born with all the knowledge that they will eventually have as adults.

A

Nativism (Mentalism) by Noam Chomsky

88
Q

An imaginary black box existing somewhere in the brain — universal to all human languages

A

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

89
Q

Every child learns language on a similar schedule in spite of different environments

A

Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH)

90
Q

A child is born with no linguistic knowledge, and that all linguistic ability is somehow learned throughout life by making associations among events in the environment.

A

Empiricism(Behaviorism) B.F Skinner

91
Q

This position views that language develops as a result of the interplay between the innate learning ability of children and the environment in which they develop.

A

Interactionism

English Majorship (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions