ULO Flashcards
Understand the operational environment
Understand the operational environment
(JAP FOE)
Joint Special operations area
Anticipate change and adaption
PMESII-PT/ASCOPE
Friendly Operational variables and Enemy
Recognize political implications
Recognize political implications
(RIP U)
ROEs provide a framework
International consequences
Political objectives> military objectives
Understand Intent and abide by it
Facilitate interorganizational cooperation
Facilitate interorganizational cooperation
(JUoER)
JIIM activities coordination (the U.S. and foreign military and nonmilitary organizations)
Unity of Effort
Efficient use of resource allocation
Engage the threat discriminately
Engage the threat discriminately
(ABCD)
A Direct-action solution for one threat may be inappropriate for another
Bypass or marginalized without losses
Co-opted for material or political advantage
Differences in threats
Anticipate long-term effects
Anticipate long-term effects
(JLO DL)
Jeopardize long-term objectives for short-term effects
Loss of legitimacy and credibility
Operations and Plans support state and theater objectives
DIME dilemmas
Legal and political constraints
Ensure legitimacy, credibility, and trust
Ensure legitimacy, credibility, and trust
(PIG)
Political and International community
International law definition (Broader than)
Government or resistance
Anticipate psychological effects and the impact of information
Anticipate psychological effects and the impact of information
(MIS-IO)
MISO and Public Affairs
Increased by cyber domain
Second and third-order effects
Counter enemy Information Operations and themes
Operate with and through others
Operate with and through others
(FM HOT)
Force multipliers (partner forces)
Mutual security objectives
Host Nation accepts responsibility for the success or failure with minimum U.S. visibility, risk, and cost
Operate with and through others government and leaders
Train, advise, and assist
Develop multiple options
Develop multiple options
(ARSOF)
Agility of ARSOFs (broad range of options) Regional options (Contingency plans) State flexibility (Contingency plans) Operational flexibility (Contingency plans) Forecast critical events (Contingency plans)
Ensure long-term engagement
Ensure long-term engagement
(PDSS)
Persistence (patience, and continuity of effort in addressing security issues)
Durability
Support U.S. policy
Sustainable programs
Provide sufficient intelligence
Provide sufficient intelligence
(HIP)
HUMINT can often satisfy CCIRs
Intelligence and operations assumptions
Provide area assessments, SR, and debriefs
Balance security and synchronization
Balance security and synchronization
(IE)
Insufficient security = mission compromise
Excessive security = mission failure (inadequate synchronization )
FORBADE UA PEE
FORBADE UA PEE
- Facilitate Interorganizational Cooperation
- Operate with and Through Others
- Recognize Political Implications
- Balance Security and Synchronization
- Anticipate Psychological Effects and the Impact of Information
- Develop Multiple Options
- Engage the Threat Discriminately
- Understand the Operational Environment
- Anticipate Long-Term Effects
- Provide Sufficient Intelligence
- Ensure Long-Term Engagement
- Ensure Legitimacy and Credibility and Trust
SOF Truths
SOF Truths
(HQS CM)
Humans are more important than hardware
Quality is better than quantity
SOF cannot be mass produced
Competent SOF cannot be created after emergencies occur
Most special operations require non-SOF support
ARSOF Attributes
ARSOF Attributes
(IC CAT PPP)
Integrity
Courage
Capability
Adaptability
Team player
Perseverance
Personal responsibility
Professionalism
Army Values
Army Values
(LDRSHIP)
Loyalty Duty Respect Selfless Service Honor Integrity Personal Courage
ASCOPE
ASCOPE
Area Structures Capabilities Organizations People Events
PMESII-PT
PMESII-PT (Variables)
Political Military Economic Social Information Infrastructure Physical environment Time
Standards for Army Writing
Standards for Army Writing (FM 21-50)
Effective Army writing is understood by the reader
Single rapid reading
Clear
Concise
Well-organized
Two essential requirements include putting the
Main point at the beginning
(bottom line up front)
Active voice writing
Memorandums Format
Fonts and Dates
Memorandums Format
Font: 11, 8, and 12 Arial (recommended)
Dates:
DD MMMM YYYY (spell out month) or
DD Mmm YYYY -date stamps only
DD Mmm YY - date stamps only
Memorandums . Heading:
Memorandums . Heading:
a. Office Symbol - Second line below office symbol
b. Date (Day, month, Year) same line as office symbol
c. MEMORANDUM FOR line (second line below office symbol)
d. MEMORANDUM THRU line (if any)
e. SUBJECT (second line below memorandum for/thru)
f. Line spacing 1-2-1-2-5, font, information (dates, names)
Memorandums Body:
Memorandums Body:
THIRD line below last line of SUBJECT.
Short clear sentences
Information (the main point)
Last line Point of Contact (not POC) or undersigned
single spacing with double spacing between paragraphs
Memorandums Closing:
Signature Block
Centered
Fifth line below last line of text/ Point of contact line
FIRST MI. LAST
RANK, BRANCH or USA
Title (lowercase)
JOHN K. RYAN
CW3, SF
Commandant
Multiple Page Memos
Multiple Page Memos
left margin
Office symbol
1 inch from the top edge of the paper
Subject of the memorandum
line below the office symbol
7 Steps of Problem- Solving Process
7 Steps of Problem- Solving Process
(GID GAC M)
Step 1. Gather information (Knowledge, Facts, Assumptions, and Opinions)
Step 2. Identify the problem
Step 3. Develop criteria
Step 4. Generate possible solutions
Step 5. Analyze possible solutions
Step 6. Compare possible solutions
Step 7. Make and implement the decision
What is the definition of leadership?
What is the definition of leadership?
The activity of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization.
What is Risk Management?
What is Risk Management?
(IAC)
The process of
Identifying
Assessing
Controlling risks /from/
operational factors
making decisions /that/
risk cost vs. mission benefits
What are the 4 Principles of Risk Management?
What are the 4 Principles of Risk Management?
(ARMI)
Accept no unnecessary risk
RM is a cyclical and continuous five step process
Make risk decisions at the appropriate level
Integrate RM into all phases of missions and operations
Accept no unnecessary risk
Accept no unnecessary risk
contributes to mission accomplishment endanger lives or resources
RM is a cyclical and continuous five step process
RM is a cyclical and continuous five step process
Make risk decisions at the appropriate level
Make risk decisions at the appropriate level
(DAD)
Determination by commander, leader, or individual’s Accept or not accepting risk(s)
Directed risk he/she/others will take
Extremely High Risk= 1st SFC/GO
High Risk = 06/Group
Medium= 05/BN
Low= 04/CO
Integrate RM into all phases of missions and operations
Integrate RM into all phases of missions and operations
Integrate in
Planning
Preparation
Execution
Assessments activities
What are the 5 Steps of Risk Management?
What are the 5 Steps of Risk Management?
(IADIS)
- Identify hazards
- Assess hazards
- Develop controls and make risk decisions
- Implement Controls
- Supervise and Evaluate
What is a risk expressed as?
Risk
(i+a=h) - (p*s)
identified and analyzed hazards
combined expression of loss
probability and severity
Risk assessment matrix categories and risk levels?
Risk assessment matrix categories and risk levels?
(S= CCMN)(P=FLOSU)
Severity (expected consequence):
- Catastrophic
- Critical
- Moderate
- Negligible
Probability (expected frequency):
- Frequent
- Likely
- Occasional
- Seldom
- Unlikely
Risk Levels:
Extremely high risk (EH), High risk (H), Medium risk (M), Low risk (L)
Develop controls and make risk decisions
What are the forms of controls?
Develop controls and make risk decisions
What are the forms of controls?
(PE-HE)
Forms of Control:
Physical
Educational
Hazard
Elimination
How do we Implement Controls?
Implement Controls
(JOBS)
Job descriptions (requirement)
Orders (Verbal Orders, OPORDs, and FRAGOs)
Briefings, overlays, and graphics
SOPs, battle drills, and training and rehearsals
How is Supervise and Evaluate disseminated?
Supervise and Evaluate
5ws
How controls are implemented to subordinate
RM References
RM References
DD> ATP> DA PAM> USASOC> 1st SFC>
DD Form 2977, NOV 2020 ATP 5-19 DA PAM 385-30 USASOC Reg 385-1 1st SFC Reg 350-1
What is a Hazard and what can an unidentified hazard cause?
What is a Hazard and what can an unidentified hazard cause?
(PPP Mission)
Potential condition to cause
Personnel injury, illness, or death
Property or equipment damage or loss
Mission degradation
Identify the types of developmental counseling?
Identify the types of developmental counseling?
(PPE)
Performance Counseling
Professional Growth Counseling
Event Counseling
Counselor qualities?
Counselor qualities?
(CRECS)
Credibility Respect for subordinates Empathy Cultural Awareness Self-Awareness
Counselor Skills?
Counselor Skills?
(AAR)
Active listening
Appropriate Questioning
Responding
Counselor Practices?
Counselor Practices?
(AAA)
Avoid – rash judgements, stereotypes, losing emotional control, inflexibility, improper follow-ups
Accept limitations
Address resistance
Four-stage counseling process?
Four-stage counseling process?
(IPCF)
Identify need
Prepare
Conduct
Follow-up
Counseling approaches and techniques?
Counseling approaches and techniques?
(NDC)
Non-directive – develops personal responsibility, open communication, more time consuming, requires counselor skill
Directive- quick, clear and concise, counselors use experience, does not encourage subordinates to be part of the solution, treats symptom not issue, tends to discourage subordinates from talking freely, solution is the counselors not the subordinate’s
Combined
What is the Counseling Form?
What is the Counseling Form?
DA Form 4856
Army Writing AR
Army Writing AR
AR 25-50
Characteristics of a brief?
Characteristics of a brief?
(BOSC)
Businesslike
Objective
Straightforward
Concise
4 Types of Briefings?
4 Types of Briefings?
(MIDS)
Mission
Information
Decision
Staff
Steps in the Briefing Process?
Steps in the Briefing Process?
(PPEA)
Plan
Prepare
Execute
Assess
Name the two things a profession MUST Provide?
Name the two things a profession MUST Provide?
(ET)
Expertise: Knowledge Human expertise No routine or repetitive work Experiential/Study learning
Trust:
Society
Social ethical control
Effective/Ethical Application
5 Characteristics of the Army Profession?
5 Characteristics of the Army Profession?
(HASTE)
Honorable Service Army Expertise Stewardship (of the Profession) Trust (Internal/external) Esprit de Corps
Transactional vs Transformational leadership?
Transactional vs Transformational leadership?
Transactional leadership
Legal foundations
Obligational Motivation
Transformational leadership
Moral foundations
Aspirational motivation
Areas an SFWO is an SME?
SME of a SFWO
(J-MTOE)
JIIM operations/coordination
Mission, planning, and execution
(ONI) Operations and Intel Fusion (target)
TIR management
Training (long-term), Information, and Resources
Expertise SF (Task/ASO*)
Attributes of an 180A
Attributes of an 180A
UN AMPPL IA
Un/conventional solutions
Non/Doctrinal TTPs
Autonomous/Self-reliant Military-Political- complex problems Political acumen Physically fit and Mentally flexible Leaders (independently or in small groups)
IPC skills (cross-cultural sensitivity) ARSOF attributes
Characteristic of a SF WO1/CW2
Characteristic of a SF WO1/CW2.
(9JK CAPT )
9 principal task/ODA specific tasks JIIM and SOF Systems Integrations Knowledge (Language, AOR, and institutional) Continuity + ADC/DC Parachutists TTPs (skills support SF Ops)
Key Responsibilities of the SF WO1/CW2 ?
Key Responsibilities of the SF WO1/CW2 ?
(J-MTOE+ BLC)
JIIM operations/coordination
Mission, planning, and execution
(ONI) Operations and Intel Fusion (target)
TIR management
Training (long-term), Information, and Resources
Expert in SF (Task/ASO*)
Battalion level advisement
Leader/Chief of staff
Continuity+
Duties and Roles of a SFWO
Duties and Roles of a SFWO overview
(SACK)
SME
Attributes
Characteristics
Key Responsibilities
SF Purposes
SF Unique Purposes
(PUES)
Provide Full range of military operations
UW -AORs/Culture/Language
Expands options
S.O.T Level JIIM
SF Functions
SF Unique Functions
MP FRUIT
Maneuver, Fires, Effects
Peacetime Operations
Forward presence /of/
Regional Stability
Unilateral and joint capabilities /create/
Indigenous Forces (Interact closely/Live with)
Trainers and advisors /to/
SF Principal Tasks
SF Principal Tasks
SF DICCCS U
Security Force Assistance
Foreign Internal Defense
Direct Action Information Operations Counterterrorism Counter Proliferation Counterinsurgency Special Reconnaissance
Unconventional Warfare
Name some of the unique attributes of an 180A
Name some of the unique attributes of an 180A:
(AAM WT)
Ability to solve complex political-military problems
Adaptive thinker (who is able to)
Mentally flexible (and )
Willing to experiment
Thrive in complex and ambiguous situations
How is Unified Land Operations conducted?
How is Unified Land Operations conducted?
(PSS US TC W)
Prevent conflict
Support of civil authorities
Shape the operational environment (initiative to)
Unified action
Simultaneous offensive and defense
Tasks- seize, retain, and exploit
Consolidate gains
Win our nation’s wars
Foundations of the Unified Land Operations
lead to commanders success
Foundations of the Unified Land Operations
(lead to commanders success)
(AMID)
Army core competencies
Mission command
Initiative
Decisive action ( Continuous, simultaneous, combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability support of civil authorities tasks )
What are the Command Authorities? What are the Differences?
What are the Command Authorities? What are the Differences?
(OATS)
OPCON - the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces Organize and employ commands and forces Assign Tasks Designate objectives Give authorities direction necessary to accomplish missions
ADCON - the authority over subordinates or other organizations in respect to administrative and support (service authority, not a joint authority)Organization of service forces Control of personnel, resources, equipment, training/readiness, discipline
TACON Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational control - may be delegated to and exercised at any level at or below the level of combatant command. Tactical control provides sufficient authority for controlling and directing the application of force or tactical use of combat support assets within the assigned mission or task. Support is a command authority in a joint doctrine. A supported and supporting relationship is established by a superior commander between subordinate commanders when one organization should aid, protect, complement, or sustain another force.
Principles of Unified Land Operations
Principles of Unified Land Operations
(CMM SSL)
Combined Arms
Mission Command
Multiple dilemmas created for the enemy
Situation development through action
Security established and maintained
Law of War Adhere to the
Operational Approach
Operational Approach
(CCDO)
Cognitive approach (skills, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgement) by
Commanders and staffs to
Developing Strategies, campaigns, and operations and
Organize Forces by integrating the ends, ways, and means
JP 3-0
Planning Methods?
Planning Methods?
(AMT)
Army Design Methodology
Military Decision Making Process
Troop Leading Procedures
Ways Operational Framework conceptually organizes operations:
Operational Framework (MDD)
Main and Support Efforts
Decisive, Shaping, and Sustaining Ops
Deep-Close-Security Ops
Warfighting Functions?
Warfighting Functions?
(CF SIMP)
Group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes) united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions.
Command and Control
Fires
Sustainment
Intelligence
Movement and Maneuver
Protection
Principles of War? SOF Specific?
Principles of War? SOF Specific?
(MOOSE MUSS)
(LRP)
Mass Offensive Objective Security Economy of Force
Maneuver
Unity of Command
Simplicity
Surprise
Legitimacy (SOF additionally)
Restraint (SOF additionally)
Perseverance (SOF additionally)
ARSOF Characteristics:
ARSOF Characteristics:
(SLID)
Small footprint/signatures
Low visibility (when required)
Indigenous relations foster habitual
Direct action employed precise and timely
SOF -CF I3
SOF -CF I3
Integration Interoperability Interdependence
What is Mission Command?
What is Mission Command?
(HHC DUI CCMD)
How the U.S. Army fights
Higher intent (Understanding of the)
Clear responsibility
Decentralized execution
Unity of effort
Initiative (exercised by subordinates)
Command and control (fundamental to all operations)
Concentrate on the objective
Making timely decision
Desired end state
7 Principles of Mission Command?
7 Principles of Mission Command?
(CSM CMDR)
Competence
Shared understanding
Mutual trust
Commander’s intent
Mission orders
Disciplined initiative
Risk acceptance
What Army Doctrine explains Mission Command?
What Army Doctrine explains Mission Command?
ADP 6-0
Commanders responsibilities?
Commanders responsibilities?
(UVD DLA)
Understand
Visualize
Describe
Direct
Lead
Assess
What is a team?
What is a team?
(FAP)
Functions together
Accomplish tasks
Performs collective task
What are two types of teams?
What are two types of teams?
Internal Teams – comprised of personnel from inside organization with distinct roles, established structure, formal authority, accomplish specific mission or task
External Teams – come from different organizations, bring specific skills, knowledge, and attitudes; mission and situation dictate composition, no formal authority, rely on strong relationships and mutual benefits
Describe Team Member Roles and Responsibilities:
Describe Team Member Roles and Responsibilities
Team Leaders- Establish a positive climate Create shared vision and team identity Provide clearly stated goals Establish roles and responsibilities Establish positive environment Know Strengths and weaknesses of members
Team Members- Build relationships Demonstrate flexibility and adaptability Cooperating with other team members Having a willingness to help others Respect others
Define Army Team Building.
Define Army Team Building.
A continuous process of enabling a group of people to reach their goals and improve their effectiveness through leadership and various exercises, activities, and techniques.
Three stages of Army Team Building Process?
Three stages of Army Team Building Process?
Formation Stage:
- Assemble the Team
- Build Trust
- Communicate Effectively
Enrichment Stage
- Build commitment to the team
- Build competence in task accomplishment
- Building shared confidence as a team
- Build shared accountability
- Develop cohesion
Sustainment Stage:
- Adapting to changes
- Managing conflicts
- Sustain resilient mindsets
- Recognizing diversity as a strength
What are the characteristics of Effective Teams?
What are the characteristics of Effective Teams?
TEMPAL W
Trust Execute tasks Meet and exceed the standard Predictable Adapt Learn
Work together
Two types of criteria in problem solving
Step 3. Develop criteria
Screening Criteria
Evaluation Criteria
All evaluation criteria must be?
All evaluation criteria must be?
SFA DC
Suitable - does it solve problem and legal and ethical
Feasible - does it fit within available resources
Acceptable - is it worth the cost of risk
Distinguishable - does it differ significantly
Complete - does it contain critical aspects of solving
What type of information should be gathered for decision making in step one?
What type of information should be gathered for decision making in step one?
Facts, Assumptions, and Opinions
Tenets of ULO
Tenets of ULO
(F SSD)
Flexibility
Simultaneously
Synchronization
Depth
ULO
