Ulcers and Burns

Question 1

Any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure usually over a bony prominence that results in damage to
underlying tissue

Answer 1

Pressure ulcers

Question 2

How long can superficial tissue tolerate pressure?

Answer 2

2-8 hours

Question 3

How long can deep muscles, connective, and fat tissues tolerate ischemia?

Answer 3

2 hours

Question 4

Epidermis, non-blanching erythema

Answer 4

Stage 1

Question 5

epidermis/dermis; shallow opening; blisters

Answer 5

Stage 2

Question 6

Full thickness skin loss involving damage to, or necrosis of, subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia

Answer 6

Stage 3

Question 7

Full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures (e.g. tendons, joint capsule).

Answer 7

Stage 4

Question 8

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss in which the extent of tissue damage within the ulcer cannot be confirmed because it is obscured by slough or eschar.

Answer 8

Unstageable

Question 9

Intact or non-intact skin with localized area of persistent non-blanchable deep red, maroon, purple discoloration,
or epidermal separation revealing a dark wound bed or blood-filled blister.

Answer 9

Deep Tissue Pressure Injury

Question 10

Medical devices–related pressure injuries result from the use of devices designed and applied for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Answer 10

Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury

Question 11

Most common site of pressure ulcer

Answer 11

Ischium (28%)

Question 12

2nd most common site of pressure ulcer

Answer 12

Sacrum (17-27%)

Question 13

Common site of pressure ulcer in a w/c bound patient

Answer 13

Ischial tuberosities and feet

Question 14

Least common site of pressure ulcer

Answer 14

Heel (9-18%)

Question 15

Common site of pressure ulcer in children aged 10 wks - 13 y/o

Answer 15

Occiput

Question 16

Common site of pressure ulcer in patients with Acute SCI

Answer 16

Sacrum and Heels

Question 17

An ulcer caused by venous insufficiency

Answer 17

Venous ulcer

Question 18

Where can venous ulcer be found?

Answer 18

Medial malleolus

Question 19

S/Sx of Diabetic Ulcer

Answer 19

Loss of sensation
Tingling sensation

Question 20

Complete or partial arterial blockage may lead to tissue necrosis and or ulceration

Answer 20

Arterial wounds

Question 21

S/Sx of Arterial Wounds

Answer 21

Pulselessness of the extremity
Painful ulceration
Delayed capillary return
Cold skin

Question 22

Where can arterial wounds be found?

Answer 22

Lateral malleolus

Question 23

Tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, ultraviolet radiation (sunburn) or certain
chemicals (such as acids), which denature proteins and cause cell death in the affected areas

Answer 23

Burns

Question 24

Causes of burns

Answer 24

Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
Radiation

Question 25

Most central area of the burn and has the most contact with the heat source. Cells in this zone are irreversibly/permanently damaged.

Answer 25

Zone of Coagulation

Question 26

How can the Zone of Coagulation be healed?

Answer 26

Skin grafts

Question 27

This zone has a decreased blood flow. Damage in this area is still reversible and responds to resucitation.

Answer 27

Zone of Stasis

Question 28

In this area, cells have sustained the least damage and should recover within 10 days. It recovers spontaneously with no lasting effects

Answer 28

Zone of Hyperemia

Question 29

Erythematous, pink or red; irritated dermis with no blisters

Answer 29

Epidermal burns

Question 30

erythematous with blanching and brisk capillary refill with intact blisters, moist weeping, or glistening surface when blisters are removed. Bright pink or red in color

Answer 30

Superficial partial-thickness burn

Question 31

Mixed red, waxy white; blanching with slow capillary refill. Presents with broken blisters, wet surface; sensitive to pressure but insensitive to light touch soft pin prick.

Answer 31

Deep partial-thickness burn

Question 32

Parchment-like, leathery, rigid, and dry in appearance. White (ischemic), charred, tan, fawn, or black in color

Answer 32

Full-thickness burn

Question 33

There is evident subcutaneous tissue and muscle damage. It also presents with neurological involvement

Answer 33

Subdermal

Question 34

Three widely accepted means of determining the extent of body surface area involved.

Answer 34

Palmar method Rule of Nines Lund and Browder

Question 35

How much does the head make up in adults in the Rule of Nines?

Answer 35

4.5%

Question 36

How much does the whole anterior torse make up for in the rule of nines?

Answer 36

18%

Question 37

How much does an anterior leg make up for in the rule of nines?

Answer 37

9%

Question 38

How much does an anterior arm make up for in the rule of nines?

Answer 38

4.5%

Question 39

How much does an anterior leg make up for in the rule of nines (children)?

Answer 39

6.5%

Question 40

How much does the head make up for in the Rule of Nines (children)?

Answer 40

8.5%

Question 41

Minor burn criteria

Answer 41

< 10% TBSA burn in adult < 5% TBSA burn in younger or older pts < 2% full-thickness burn

Question 42

Moderate burn criteria

Answer 42

10-20% TBSA burn in adult 5-10% TBSA burn in younger or older pts 2-5% full-thickness burn High-voltage burn Circumferential burn Suspected Inhalation injury Medical problem

Question 43

Major burn criteria

Answer 43

> 20% TBSA burn in adult > 10% TBSA burn in younger or older patient > 5% full-thickness burn Other criteria same with moderate Significant burns to face

Question 44

Complication of burn injury

Answer 44

Infection Shock Pulmo complications Metabolic complications Cardiac and circulatory complications Integumentary scars and contractures

Question 45

a tissue transferred from one part of the body to another

Answer 45

Autograft

Question 46

tissue transferred from a genetically different individual of the same species.

Answer 46

Homografts/Allografts

Question 47

a graft transferred from an individual of one species to an individual of another species

Answer 47

Xenografts

Question 48

Manufactured products that work as skin equivalents

Answer 48

Biosynthetic grafts

Question 49

Includes epidermis and dermis. The incision is made up to the subcutaneous tissue and a wedge of skin is obtained.

Answer 49

Full-thickness graft

Question 50

Surgical in the form of the letter “z” used to lengthen a burn scar; For aesthetics and cosmetics

Answer 50

Z-plasty