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Integ > Ulcers and Burns > Flashcards

Ulcers and Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure usually over a bony prominence that results in damage to
underlying tissue

A

Pressure ulcers

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2
Q

How long can superficial tissue tolerate pressure?

A

2-8 hours

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3
Q

How long can deep muscles, connective, and fat tissues tolerate ischemia?

A

2 hours

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4
Q

Epidermis, non-blanching erythema

A

Stage 1

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5
Q

epidermis/dermis; shallow opening; blisters

A

Stage 2

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6
Q

Full thickness skin loss involving damage to, or necrosis of, subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia

A

Stage 3

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7
Q

Full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures (e.g. tendons, joint capsule).

A

Stage 4

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8
Q

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss in which the extent of tissue damage within the ulcer cannot be confirmed because it is obscured by slough or eschar.

A

Unstageable

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9
Q

Intact or non-intact skin with localized area of persistent non-blanchable deep red, maroon, purple discoloration,
or epidermal separation revealing a dark wound bed or blood-filled blister.

A

Deep Tissue Pressure Injury

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10
Q

Medical devices–related pressure injuries result from the use of devices designed and applied for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

A

Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury

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11
Q

Most common site of pressure ulcer

A

Ischium (28%)

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12
Q

2nd most common site of pressure ulcer

A

Sacrum (17-27%)

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13
Q

Common site of pressure ulcer in a w/c bound patient

A

Ischial tuberosities and feet

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14
Q

Least common site of pressure ulcer

A

Heel (9-18%)

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15
Q

Common site of pressure ulcer in children aged 10 wks - 13 y/o

A

Occiput

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16
Q

Common site of pressure ulcer in patients with Acute SCI

A

Sacrum and Heels

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17
Q

An ulcer caused by venous insufficiency

A

Venous ulcer

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18
Q

Where can venous ulcer be found?

A

Medial malleolus

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19
Q

S/Sx of Diabetic Ulcer

A

Loss of sensation
Tingling sensation

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20
Q

Complete or partial arterial blockage may lead to tissue necrosis and or ulceration

A

Arterial wounds

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21
Q

S/Sx of Arterial Wounds

A

Pulselessness of the extremity
Painful ulceration
Delayed capillary return
Cold skin

22
Q

Where can arterial wounds be found?

A

Lateral malleolus

23
Q

Tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, ultraviolet radiation (sunburn) or certain
chemicals (such as acids), which denature proteins and cause cell death in the affected areas

A

Burns

24
Q

Causes of burns

A

Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
Radiation

25
Q

Most central area of the burn and has the most contact with the heat source. Cells in this zone are irreversibly/permanently damaged.

A

Zone of Coagulation

26
Q

How can the Zone of Coagulation be healed?

A

Skin grafts

27
Q

This zone has a decreased blood flow. Damage in this area is still reversible and responds to resucitation.

A

Zone of Stasis

28
Q

In this area, cells have sustained the least damage and should recover within 10 days. It recovers spontaneously with no lasting effects

A

Zone of Hyperemia

29
Q

Erythematous, pink or red; irritated dermis with no blisters

A

Epidermal burns

30
Q

erythematous with blanching and brisk capillary refill with intact blisters, moist weeping, or glistening surface when blisters are removed. Bright pink or red in color

A

Superficial partial-thickness burn

31
Q

Mixed red, waxy white; blanching with slow capillary refill. Presents with broken blisters, wet surface; sensitive to pressure but insensitive to light touch soft pin prick.

A

Deep partial-thickness burn

32
Q

Parchment-like, leathery, rigid, and dry in appearance. White (ischemic), charred, tan, fawn, or black in color

A

Full-thickness burn

33
Q

There is evident subcutaneous tissue and muscle damage. It also presents with neurological involvement

A

Subdermal

34
Q

Three widely accepted means of determining the extent of body surface area involved.

A

Palmar method
Rule of Nines
Lund and Browder

35
Q

How much does the head make up in adults in the Rule of Nines?

A

4.5%

36
Q

How much does the whole anterior torse make up for in the rule of nines?

A

18%

37
Q

How much does an anterior leg make up for in the rule of nines?

A

9%

38
Q

How much does an anterior arm make up for in the rule of nines?

A

4.5%

39
Q

How much does an anterior leg make up for in the rule of nines (children)?

A

6.5%

40
Q

How much does the head make up for in the Rule of Nines (children)?

A

8.5%

41
Q

Minor burn criteria

A

< 10% TBSA burn in adult
< 5% TBSA burn in younger or older pts
< 2% full-thickness burn

42
Q

Moderate burn criteria

A

10-20% TBSA burn in adult
5-10% TBSA burn in younger or older pts
2-5% full-thickness burn
High-voltage burn
Circumferential burn
Suspected Inhalation injury
Medical problem

43
Q

Major burn criteria

A

> 20% TBSA burn in adult
10% TBSA burn in younger or older patient
5% full-thickness burn
Other criteria same with moderate
Significant burns to face

44
Q

Complication of burn injury

A

Infection
Shock
Pulmo complications
Metabolic complications
Cardiac and circulatory complications
Integumentary scars and contractures

45
Q

a tissue transferred from one part of the body to another

A

Autograft

46
Q

tissue transferred from a genetically different
individual of the same species.

A

Homografts/Allografts

47
Q

a graft transferred from an individual of one species to an individual of another species

A

Xenografts

48
Q

Manufactured products that work as skin equivalents

A

Biosynthetic grafts

49
Q

Includes epidermis and dermis. The incision is made up to the subcutaneous tissue
and a wedge of skin is obtained.

A

Full-thickness graft

50
Q

Surgical in the form of the letter “z” used to lengthen a burn scar; For aesthetics and cosmetics

A

Z-plasty

Integ (10 decks)

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