Common Skin Disorders Flashcards by Josef Mikael Oclarit

Superficial inflammation of the skin that is more common to the older population

Eczema (UK) / Dermatitis (USA)

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Cause of Eczema/Dermatitis

Irritants, exposure, allergies, and idiopathic genetic factors

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3 stages of Dermatitis

Acute
Subacute
Chronic

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S/Sx of acute dermatitis

Extensive erosions
Serous exudate
Erythematous vesicles
Pustule

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S/Sx of subacute dermatitis

Erythema
Excoriations
Scaling papules
Silvery sheen

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S/Sx of chronic dermatitis

Thickening of the integumentary system

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A chronic inflammation that appears before asthma and is related to autoimmune problems

Atopic Dermatitis

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Atopic conditions

Asthma
Allergic Rhinitis
Atopic Dermatitis

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a structural protein found in the epidermis, particularly in the granular layer primarily forms that stratum corneum

Filaggrin

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Clinical manifestations of Atopic dermatitis

manifests in localized areas such as skin folds
dry skin
Xerosis
Crusting
Pruritus

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Most common environmental skin condition that is triggered during skin-to-skin encounter with a triger

Contact Dermatitis

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Triggers of contact dermatitis

Fake jewelries (nickel)
Chromate
Wool fats
Rubber additive
Topical antibiotics

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A skin disorder caused by venous insufficiency

Stasis Dermatitis

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S/Sx of Stasis Dermatitis

Pruritus
Heaviness in the leg
Hemosiderin staining
Wound located in the medial malleolus

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Rx for Stasis Dermatitis

Compression
AROM
Unna boots (for amb)

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A skin disorder commonly correlated to acne however, it has an idiopathic cause

Rosacea

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Risk factors of Rosacea

Autoimmune
H. Pylori

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S/Sx of Rosacea

Erythema
Telangiectasia
Blepharitis
Keratitis
Rhinophyma

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thickening of the nose, bulbous appearance

Rhinophyma

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inflammation of the cornea

Keratitis

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Visible broken blood vessels

Telangiectasia

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Inflammation of the oil glands inside the eyelids

Blepharitis

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Another name for warts

Verrucae

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Name for plantar wards

Verruca plantaris

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Type 1 Herpes Simplex

Cold sore, fever blister

Type 2 Herpes Simplex

Genital lesion

A superficial skin infection commonly caused by streptococci or staphylococci

Impetigo

Another name for Impetigo

Pyoderma

Mode of transmission of Impetigo

Direct contact`

S/Sx of Impetigo

Small macules Oozing, inflammation of the glands Malaise Isolated bullae

A rapidly spreading acute inflammation with infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that spreads widely through tissue spaces

Cellulitis

Cause of Cellulitis

Streptococcus pyogenes and Staph in adults Hemophilus Influenza B in children

Types of Cellulitis

Erysipelas Facial Parametritis

Surface cellulitis

Erysipelas

Cellulitis in the cheeks or neck

Facial

Cellulitis found around the pelvis or around the uterus

Parametritis

S/Sx of Cellulitis

Erythematous, edematous, and tender Feels hot to touch Red streaks

Rx for Cellulitis

Intravenous antibiotics Oral antibiotics Good nutrition and hydration Avoid contact with others

A viral infection that causes an outbreak of a painful rash or blisters on the skin

Herpes Zoster

Another name for Herpes Zoster

Shingles

HSV-1 is common among what population

Individuals with weakened immune systems or immunocompromised people

Mode of transmission of HSV-2

Sexual contact

Stages of Herpes Zoster

Pre-eruptive Acute Exudative Chronic

Stage of Herpes Zoster where it presents with burning pain on affected area at least or before 48 hrs, skin rashes appear, headaches, sensitivity to light

Pre-eruptive

Stage of Herpes Zoster where it presents with several umbilicated and painful blisters emerge, form ulcers. It is the most infectious phase of HZ

Acute Exudative Stage

Stage of Herpes Zoster where it presents with intense discomfort persisting more than 4 wks, dysesthesias and paresthesia

Chronic

Common, benign viral infections of the skin and adjacent mucous membranes

Warts/Verrucae

Cause of Warts

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

S/Sx of warts

Thick white surface Pointed projection Elevated

Rx for Warts

Salicylic acid Cryotherapy and use of acids Electrodissection

a common skin infection caused by fungi known as dermatophytes

Ring worm/Tinea Corporis

Ringworm on the head

Tinea Capitis

Ringworm found in hair follicle

Tinea Barbae

Athlete's foot

Tinea Pedis

Jock Itch

Tinea Cruris

Ringworm found in the nails

Tinea Unguium

Cause of tinea pedis

Yeast infection (candidiasis)

S/Sx of Athlete's foot

Foul odor Erythema Skin peeling

A highly contagious skin eruption caused by itch mite (Sarcoptes Scabiei)

Scabies

Clinical manifestations of Scabies

Intense pruritus Linear ridges Vesicles Pustules

Rx for Scabies

Scabicide Permethrin Ivermectin

An infestation by Pediculus humanus, a very common parasite infecting the head, body, and genital area

Pediculosis

Cause of Pediculosis

Infestation of Pediculus humanus

Types of Pediculosis

Pediculus Humanus Pediculus Capitis Pediculus Corporis

Rx for Pediculosis

Appropriate cleaning solution

An autoimmune skin disorder caused by stress, anxiety, and emotional distress

Psoriasis

S/Sx of Psoriasis

Erythematous papules and plaques Silvery scale Painful and itchy

Rx for Psoriasis

Phototherapy Immunosuppresants

Aka Scleroderma

Systemic Sclerosis

A type of Systemic Sclerosis that presents with skin involvement limited to the hands, face, forearms, and lower legs. It presents with CREST syndrome

Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis

The most common type of Systemic Sclerosis with a more widespread skin involvement, often affecting the trunk and proximal extremities.

Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis

Stages of Systemic Sclerosis

Edematous Sclerotic Atrophic

S/Sx of Edematous stage Scleroderma

B non-pitting edema at distal extremities

S/Sx of Sclerotic stage Scleroderma

Tight, smooth, waxy or shiny Loss of skin folds Pigmentation changes Nose-pinched appearance

S/Sx of Atrophic stage Scleroderm

Atrophy of skin/muscle Contractures Marked weakness inability to ambulate

Rx for edematous stage

ROM

Rx for sclerotic stage

Assistive devices

Rx for atrophic stage

prevent ulceration

Inflammation of the connective tissue with unknown cause

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

S/Sx of SLE

Discoid lesions

How many items in the ACR classification of SLE should be present to diagnose SLE?

4/11

ACR classification of SLE

Malar rash Discoid rash Photosensitivity Oral ulcer Arthritis Serositis Immunologic d/o Renal d/o Neurologic d/o Hematologic d/o

Rx for SLE

Sunscreen Protective clothing NSAIDs Biologics Immunosuppressants

A flat red rash over the back of the fingers, elbows or knees. Typical lesions over bony prominences on the extensor surfaces of the hand.

Gottron's sign/papules

S/Sx of Polymyositis

Ms weakness Wt. loss Atrophies Fatigue Bed bound

S/Sx of Dermatomyositis

Inflammation of the area Heliotrope rash (Lilac) Erythema Patchy Scales

Overexposure to cryotherapy, cold air or cold water

Cold injuries

Localized cold injuries

Frostbite

Systemic cold injuries

Hypothermia

RF for Cold injuries

Lack of insulating body fat Age Homelessness

S/Sx of Cold injuries

Numbness Swelling Pale Skin becomes white until thawed Tingling Pain Blisters