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Integ > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

An infection of any portion of the urinary tract

A

Urinary Tract Infection

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2
Q

Commonly infected in UTI

A

Bladder (Cystitis)
Urethra (Urethritis)

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3
Q

UTI in the kidney

A

Pyelonephritis

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4
Q

Classifications of UTI

A

Complicated
Uncomplicated
Relapsed

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5
Q

Factors that make it difficult to diagnose complicated UTI

A

Stroke
Diabetes
Pregnancy
Abnormalities in the urinary tract

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6
Q

A type of UTI that doesn’t have the factors that make diagnosis difficult?

A

Uncomplicated

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7
Q

A type of UTI that persists with the original organism without completely clearing

A

Relapsed/Recurrent

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8
Q

Where are the bacterial in most UTI acquired from?

A

Large bowel (fecal flora)

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9
Q

Risk factors of UTI

A

Age
Immobility
Obstruction
DM
STD

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10
Q

Most common pathogen of UTI

A

E. Coli

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11
Q

Suprapubic pain related to bladder filling accompanied by other symptoms such as increased daytime and night-time frequency in the absence of proven urinary infection

A

Interstitial Cystitis

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12
Q

Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis

A

Altered permeability of bladder wall
Overactive PFM
Visceromuscular reflex
Hypersensitivity and neurologic irritation

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13
Q

CM of IC

A

Urinary urgency and frequency
Nocturia
Pain

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14
Q

Defined as a complaint involuntary urine loss

A

UI

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15
Q

Innervation of the PFM

A

Pudendal nerves (S2-S4)

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16
Q

Normal voiding interval

A

at least 2 hours

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17
Q

Caused by activities that increase intraabdominal pressure

A

Stress UI

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18
Q

A condition in which the bladder contracts at small volumes

A

Urgency UI

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19
Q

Cause of urgency UI

A

Involuntary bladder

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20
Q

CM of UI

A

Constant dribbling
Nocturia
Prolapsed bladder

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21
Q

A group of diseases that affect the glomeruli but specifically manifest with hematuria

A

Glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

A glomerular syndrome that causes damage to kidney-filtering units

A

Nephrotic

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23
Q

A syndrome correlated with hematuria

A

Nephritic

24
Q

First mechanism of glomerular dse

A

deposition of a circulating antigen/antibody complex into some portion of the glomerulus

24
Q

Second mechanism of Glomerular dse

A

An antigen is deposited in the glomerulus with subsequent antibody interaction with the antigen

24
Q

Risk factors of Glomerular dse

A

Diabetes
Age
Race
Obesity

24
Q

Clinical manifestations of Glomerular dse

A

Edema
Hyperthyroidism
Proteinuria
Hematuria

24
Q

Incidence of CKD

A

More prevalent among African American
> 65 y/o

25
Q

CKD stage with kidney damage and mild loss of kidney function

A

Stage 2 CKD

25
Q

Alteration of kidney function or structure for more greater than or equal to 3 mos

A

Chronic Kidney Dse

25
Q

Final stage of CK

A

End Stage Renal Disease

25
Q

GFR of Stage 2 CKD

A

60-80

25
Q

Risk factors of CKD

A

DM
HTN
SLE
Urinary Tract obstruction

26
Q

CKD stage with a kidney damage but has normal kidney function; Reversible

A

CKD stage 1

26
Q

GFR for stage 1 CKD

A

Greater or equal to 90

27
Q

CKD stage with mild to moderate loss of kidney function

A

CKD stage 3A

27
Q

CKD stage with moderate to severe loss of kidney function

A

CKD stage 3B

28
Q

GFR for CKD stage 4

A

15-29

28
Q

GFR of CKD stage 3A

A

45-59

28
Q

GFR of Stage 3B

A

30-44

29
Q

CKD stage with severe loss of kidney function

A

CKD Stage 4

29
Q

CKD stage with kidney failure

A

Stage 5

30
Q

GFR for Stage 5

A

< 15

30
Q

Urinary S/Sx of CKD

A

Decreased urinary output
Abnormal blood serum levels

30
Q

Cardiovascular S/Sx of CKD

A

CAD
HTN
CHF
Pulmonary edema
Dyspnea

30
Q

GI S/Sx of CKD

A

Bleeding
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting

30
Q

Nervous S/Sx of CKD

A

Headache
Impaired cognition
Sleep disturbances

31
Q

Sites of obstruction in renal calculi

A

Ureteropelvic junction
Ureterovesical junction
Where the ureter crosses over the iliac vessel

31
Q

Integumentary S/Sx of CKD

A

Pruritus
Hyperpigmentation
Pallor
Bruising

31
Q

Urinary stone disease or nephrolithiasis

A

Renal calculi

32
Q

Types of kidney stones

A

Calcium
Struvite
Uric acid
Cystine

33
Q

Incidence of Renal Calculi among males

A

30-60 y/o

34
Q

Incidence of Renal Calculi among females

A

20-30 y/o

35
Q

Risk factors of Renal Calculi

A

Overexcretion and supersaturation of calcium and oxalate

36
Q

CM of Renal Calculi

A

Acute colicky flank pain
Severe pain
Hematuria
Nausea

Integ (10 decks)

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