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Hematologic System Flashcards

1
Q

Normal HGB for males

A

14-17 g/dL

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2
Q

Normal HGB for females

A

12-16 g/dL

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3
Q

General normal HGB amount

A

12-16 g/dL

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3
Q

Normal HCT percentage

A

35-55%

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3
Q

Normal Leukocyte count

A

5,000-10,000/mm3

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3
Q

Normal erythrocyte count

A

4.8-5.4 M

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3
Q

Normal iron count

A

60-170 micrograms/dL

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3
Q

S/Sx of hematologic d/o

A

Edema
Thrombosis
Congestion
Hypotension
Embolism
Lymphedema
Shock

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3
Q

Narrowing of blood vessels d/t plaque formation

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Hardening of blood vessels

A

Arteriosclerosis

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3
Q

A solid mass of clotted blood within an intact blood vessel

A

Thrombus

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4
Q

A dislodged thrombus to the bloodstream

A

Embolus

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5
Q

Chronic swelling of an area from accumulation of excess liquid d/t obstruction in lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphedema

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6
Q

The medical term for bruising

A

Ecchymoses

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7
Q

A decrease in a person’s blood pressure

A

Hypotension

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8
Q

Organs greatly affected by hypotension

A

Heart
Brain
Kidney

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9
Q

The inability of the circulatory system to maintain adequate pressure to perfuse organs

A

Shock

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9
Q

Normal HR

A

60-100

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9
Q

> 100 bpm

A

Tachycardia

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10
Q

<60 bpm

A

Bradycardia

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11
Q

Normal RR

A

12-20 cpm

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12
Q

S/Sx of shock

A

Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Cool extremities
Decreased PR
Decreased urine output
Altered mental status

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12
Q

Slowed breathing (<12 cpm)

A

Bradypnea

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12
Q

m/c cause of blood transfusion-related death

A

Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury

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12
A condition characterized by an increase in temperature right after blood transfusion
Febrile Non-Hemolytic Reaction (FNHR)
12
This condition occurs as a consequence of antibodies in the donor plasma directed against recipient neutrophil antigens.
Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
13
Treatment for FNHR
Stop transfusions Antipyretics
13
Temperature increase in FNHR
0.6 degrees Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit)
14
Rx for TRALI
Respiratory intervention
14
How long does it take before TRALI reactions are present?
6 hours
14
S/Sx of TRALI
Fever Hypotension Pulmonary Edema Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
15
The most feared complication of blood transfusion
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR)
16
Cause of Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
ABO incompatibility d/t wrong administration of blood type
16
Onset of AHTR
Abrupt
16
Onset of DHTR
5-10 days after blood transfusion
17
S/Sx of DHTR
Hemolytic Anemia Jaundice Fever
17
S/Sx of Allergic reaction
Urticaria (hives) Severe respiratory Sx Wheezing SOB
17
S/Sx of AHTR
Intravascular hemolysis Renal failure Intravascular coagulation Severe hypotension Fever Pain at the infusion site Pink plasma/urine
17
Severe form of allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
17
Caused by an amnestic response of an erythrocyte alloantigen after exposure to an erythrocyte antigen
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR)
18
Cause of anaphylaxis
The recipient is deficient in anti-IgA
18
It is caused by multiple blood transfusions and is usually caused by the donor plasma
Allergic reactions
19
S/Sx of anaphylaxis
Hypotension Edema in larynx Nausea Abdominal pain Respiratory failure Shock
20
It is caused by a viral/bacterial contamination
Septic reaction
21
S/Sx of septic reaction
Fever Abdominal/back/chest pain SOB Hypotension Headache
22
It is characterized by excessive FE absorption in the small intestines.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis
23
What is the mode of inheritance for hereditary hemochromatosis?
Autosomal recessive
24
S/Sx of Hereditary hemochromatosis?
Myalgia Arthralgia Hepatomegaly Abdominal Pain Weakness Elevation of RBC Elevation of liver enzymes
25
Rx for Hereditary hemochromatosis
Phlebotomy
26
Characterized by an abnormal form of hemoglobin (Hb S)
Sickle cell disease
27
Shape of abnormal RBC
Crescent/sickle shaped
28
S/Sx of sickle cell dse
Anemia Cyanosis Decreased RBC
29
Ocular CM of pts with SCD
Blindness Retinopathy
30
Pulmonary CM of pts with SCD
Pneumonia Atelectasis
31
Neurologic CM of pts with SCD
Seizures Meningitis
32
GI CM of pts with SCD
Abdominal pain Gallstones
33
GU CM of pts with SCD
Nocturia Hematuria
34
Cause of Thalassemia
Abundant in Hemoglobin, abnormalities in one or more of the 4 globin genes
35
S/Sx of Thalassemia
Fatigue Weakness Irritability Dizziness Anemia SOB
36
Rx for Thalassemia
Blood transfusion Bone marrow transplant

Integ (10 decks)

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