Hematologic System Flashcards
Normal HGB for males
14-17 g/dL
Normal HGB for females
12-16 g/dL
General normal HGB amount
12-16 g/dL
Normal HCT percentage
35-55%
Normal Leukocyte count
5,000-10,000/mm3
Normal erythrocyte count
4.8-5.4 M
Normal iron count
60-170 micrograms/dL
S/Sx of hematologic d/o
Edema
Thrombosis
Congestion
Hypotension
Embolism
Lymphedema
Shock
Narrowing of blood vessels d/t plaque formation
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of blood vessels
Arteriosclerosis
A solid mass of clotted blood within an intact blood vessel
Thrombus
A dislodged thrombus to the bloodstream
Embolus
Chronic swelling of an area from accumulation of excess liquid d/t obstruction in lymphatic vessels
Lymphedema
The medical term for bruising
Ecchymoses
A decrease in a person’s blood pressure
Hypotension
Organs greatly affected by hypotension
Heart
Brain
Kidney
The inability of the circulatory system to maintain adequate pressure to perfuse organs
Shock
Normal HR
60-100
> 100 bpm
Tachycardia
<60 bpm
Bradycardia
Normal RR
12-20 cpm
S/Sx of shock
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Cool extremities
Decreased PR
Decreased urine output
Altered mental status
Slowed breathing (<12 cpm)
Bradypnea
m/c cause of blood transfusion-related death
Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury
A condition characterized by an increase in temperature right after blood transfusion
Febrile Non-Hemolytic Reaction (FNHR)
This condition occurs as a consequence of antibodies in the donor plasma directed against recipient neutrophil antigens.
Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Treatment for FNHR
Stop transfusions
Antipyretics
Temperature increase in FNHR
0.6 degrees Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit)
Rx for TRALI
Respiratory intervention
How long does it take before TRALI reactions are present?
6 hours
S/Sx of TRALI
Fever
Hypotension
Pulmonary Edema
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
The most feared complication of blood transfusion
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR)
Cause of Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
ABO incompatibility d/t wrong administration of blood type
Onset of AHTR
Abrupt
Onset of DHTR
5-10 days after blood transfusion
S/Sx of DHTR
Hemolytic Anemia
Jaundice
Fever
S/Sx of Allergic reaction
Urticaria (hives)
Severe respiratory Sx
Wheezing
SOB
S/Sx of AHTR
Intravascular hemolysis
Renal failure
Intravascular coagulation
Severe hypotension
Fever
Pain at the infusion site
Pink plasma/urine
Severe form of allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
Caused by an amnestic response of an erythrocyte alloantigen after exposure to an erythrocyte antigen
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR)
Cause of anaphylaxis
The recipient is deficient in anti-IgA
It is caused by multiple blood transfusions and is usually caused by the donor plasma
Allergic reactions
S/Sx of anaphylaxis
Hypotension
Edema in larynx
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Respiratory failure
Shock
It is caused by a viral/bacterial contamination
Septic reaction
S/Sx of septic reaction
Fever
Abdominal/back/chest pain
SOB
Hypotension
Headache
It is characterized by excessive FE absorption in the small intestines.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis
What is the mode of inheritance for hereditary hemochromatosis?
Autosomal recessive
S/Sx of Hereditary hemochromatosis?
Myalgia
Arthralgia
Hepatomegaly
Abdominal Pain
Weakness
Elevation of RBC
Elevation of liver enzymes
Rx for Hereditary hemochromatosis
Phlebotomy
Characterized by an abnormal form of hemoglobin (Hb S)
Sickle cell disease
Shape of abnormal RBC
Crescent/sickle shaped
S/Sx of sickle cell dse
Anemia
Cyanosis
Decreased RBC
Ocular CM of pts with SCD
Blindness
Retinopathy
Pulmonary CM of pts with SCD
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
Neurologic CM of pts with SCD
Seizures
Meningitis
GI CM of pts with SCD
Abdominal pain
Gallstones
GU CM of pts with SCD
Nocturia
Hematuria
Cause of Thalassemia
Abundant in Hemoglobin, abnormalities in one or more of the 4 globin genes
S/Sx of Thalassemia
Fatigue
Weakness
Irritability
Dizziness
Anemia
SOB
Rx for Thalassemia
Blood transfusion
Bone marrow transplant
