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Integ > Hematologic System > Flashcards

Hematologic System Flashcards

1
Q

Normal HGB for males

A

14-17 g/dL

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2
Q

Normal HGB for females

A

12-16 g/dL

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3
Q

General normal HGB amount

A

12-16 g/dL

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3
Q

Normal HCT percentage

A

35-55%

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3
Q

Normal Leukocyte count

A

5,000-10,000/mm3

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3
Q

Normal erythrocyte count

A

4.8-5.4 M

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3
Q

Normal iron count

A

60-170 micrograms/dL

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3
Q

S/Sx of hematologic d/o

A

Edema
Thrombosis
Congestion
Hypotension
Embolism
Lymphedema
Shock

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3
Q

Narrowing of blood vessels d/t plaque formation

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Hardening of blood vessels

A

Arteriosclerosis

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3
Q

A solid mass of clotted blood within an intact blood vessel

A

Thrombus

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4
Q

A dislodged thrombus to the bloodstream

A

Embolus

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5
Q

Chronic swelling of an area from accumulation of excess liquid d/t obstruction in lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphedema

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6
Q

The medical term for bruising

A

Ecchymoses

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7
Q

A decrease in a person’s blood pressure

A

Hypotension

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8
Q

Organs greatly affected by hypotension

A

Heart
Brain
Kidney

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9
Q

The inability of the circulatory system to maintain adequate pressure to perfuse organs

A

Shock

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9
Q

Normal HR

A

60-100

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9
Q

> 100 bpm

A

Tachycardia

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10
Q

<60 bpm

A

Bradycardia

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11
Q

Normal RR

A

12-20 cpm

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12
Q

S/Sx of shock

A

Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Cool extremities
Decreased PR
Decreased urine output
Altered mental status

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12
Q

Slowed breathing (<12 cpm)

A

Bradypnea

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12
Q

m/c cause of blood transfusion-related death

A

Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury

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12
Q

A condition characterized by an increase in temperature right after blood transfusion

A

Febrile Non-Hemolytic Reaction (FNHR)

12
Q

This condition occurs as a consequence of antibodies in the donor plasma directed against recipient neutrophil antigens.

A

Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

13
Q

Treatment for FNHR

A

Stop transfusions
Antipyretics

13
Q

Temperature increase in FNHR

A

0.6 degrees Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit)

14
Q

Rx for TRALI

A

Respiratory intervention

14
Q

How long does it take before TRALI reactions are present?

A

6 hours

14
Q

S/Sx of TRALI

A

Fever
Hypotension
Pulmonary Edema
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

15
Q

The most feared complication of blood transfusion

A

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR)

16
Q

Cause of Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

A

ABO incompatibility d/t wrong administration of blood type

16
Q

Onset of AHTR

A

Abrupt

16
Q

Onset of DHTR

A

5-10 days after blood transfusion

17
Q

S/Sx of DHTR

A

Hemolytic Anemia
Jaundice
Fever

17
Q

S/Sx of Allergic reaction

A

Urticaria (hives)
Severe respiratory Sx
Wheezing
SOB

17
Q

S/Sx of AHTR

A

Intravascular hemolysis
Renal failure
Intravascular coagulation
Severe hypotension
Fever
Pain at the infusion site
Pink plasma/urine

17
Q

Severe form of allergic reaction

A

Anaphylaxis

17
Q

Caused by an amnestic response of an erythrocyte alloantigen after exposure to an erythrocyte antigen

A

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR)

18
Q

Cause of anaphylaxis

A

The recipient is deficient in anti-IgA

18
Q

It is caused by multiple blood transfusions and is usually caused by the donor plasma

A

Allergic reactions

19
Q

S/Sx of anaphylaxis

A

Hypotension
Edema in larynx
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Respiratory failure
Shock

20
Q

It is caused by a viral/bacterial contamination

A

Septic reaction

21
Q

S/Sx of septic reaction

A

Fever
Abdominal/back/chest pain
SOB
Hypotension
Headache

22
Q

It is characterized by excessive FE absorption in the small intestines.

A

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

23
Q

What is the mode of inheritance for hereditary hemochromatosis?

A

Autosomal recessive

24
Q

S/Sx of Hereditary hemochromatosis?

A

Myalgia
Arthralgia
Hepatomegaly
Abdominal Pain
Weakness
Elevation of RBC
Elevation of liver enzymes

25
Q

Rx for Hereditary hemochromatosis

A

Phlebotomy

26
Q

Characterized by an abnormal form of hemoglobin (Hb S)

A

Sickle cell disease

27
Q

Shape of abnormal RBC

A

Crescent/sickle shaped

28
Q

S/Sx of sickle cell dse

A

Anemia
Cyanosis
Decreased RBC

29
Q

Ocular CM of pts with SCD

A

Blindness
Retinopathy

30
Q

Pulmonary CM of pts with SCD

A

Pneumonia
Atelectasis

31
Q

Neurologic CM of pts with SCD

A

Seizures
Meningitis

32
Q

GI CM of pts with SCD

A

Abdominal pain
Gallstones

33
Q

GU CM of pts with SCD

A

Nocturia
Hematuria

34
Q

Cause of Thalassemia

A

Abundant in Hemoglobin, abnormalities in one or more of the 4 globin genes

35
Q

S/Sx of Thalassemia

A

Fatigue
Weakness
Irritability
Dizziness
Anemia
SOB

36
Q

Rx for Thalassemia

A

Blood transfusion
Bone marrow transplant

Integ (10 decks)

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