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Integ > Integumentary System and Wound Healing > Flashcards

Integumentary System and Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of wound healing

A

Hemostasis
Inflammatory
Proliferative
Maturation/Remodelling

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2
Q

Timeline of the inflammatory phase

A

Onset of injury to 10 days

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3
Q

Timeline of the proliferative phase

A

Day 3 - Day 10

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4
Q

Timeline of the maturation phase

A

Day 9 - 2 years

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5
Q

What are released during the Hemostasis phase of wound healing?

A

Serotonin
Histamine
Prostaglandin

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6
Q

What happens during Hemostasis?

A

Clot formation

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7
Q

Type of leukocytes that acts on a wound

A

Neutrophil
Macrophages
Platelet-derived GF

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8
Q

Stages of inflammatory phase

A

Vascular
Exudate
Reparative

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9
Q

The phase where true wound healing begins

A

Inflammatory phase

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10
Q

In this stage of the inflammatory phase there is blood rushing or hyperremia

A

Vascular stage

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11
Q

In this stage of the inflammatory phase there is a presence of blisters, pus, clots, and bleeding

A

Exudative stage

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12
Q

In this stage of the inflammatory phase damage cells are replaced

A

Reparative stage

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13
Q

What happens during the Proliferative phase?

A

(+) Angiogenesis
(+) Re-epithelialization and contraction
Extensive growth of epithelial cells beneath the scab

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14
Q

What do fibroblasts secrete during the proliferative phase?

A

Type I collagen

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15
Q

A phase where collagen is organized into a more definite pattern

A

Remodelling/Maturation phase

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16
Q

Characteristics of an immature scar

A

Red/pink, raised, rigid
Hypertrophic or Keloid are examples
Requires 20-30 mmHg of pressure for 23 hours for 2 years to flatten

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17
Q

Characteristics of a mature scar

A

White, flat, and flexible

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18
Q

Surgical closure brings the wound edges
in close proximity

A

Primary intention wound closure

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19
Q

Tissue loss status in primary intention wound closure

A

No tissue loss, minimal scarring

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20
Q

Types of Primary Intention Wound Closure

A

Direct side-to-side
Flaps
Grafts

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21
Q

Differentiate flaps from grafts

A

Flaps: has intact blood supply
Grafts: has no blood supply

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22
Q

Occurs when the wound is left open to heal
by regenerating tissue that has been
destroyed

A

Secondary intention wound closure

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23
Q

Tissue loss status in secondary intention wound closure

A

Some tissue loss

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24
Q

Examples of conditions where secondary intention wound closure is utilized

A

Burns
Pressure ulcers
Traumatic injuries

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25
Q

Initially allowed to heal by
secondary intention
Primary intention as final
treatment

A

Tertiary intention wound closure

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26
Q

Factors for wound healing

A

Moisture
Oxygenation
Nutrition

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27
Q

Abn passage between an organ or vessel

A

Fistula

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28
Q

Channel that passes through a wound

A

Sinus tract/Tunneling

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29
Q

Tissue destruction around the wound edges. Separation of skin from the base of the wound

A

Undermining

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30
Q

Antiseptic used for S. Aureus infections

A

Povidone-Iodine

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31
Q

Antiseptic used for wounds with purulent exudate

A

Dakin’s solution/Na Hypochloride

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32
Q

Antiseptic used for P. Aeruginosa infections

A

Acetic acid

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33
Q

Least effective antiseptic

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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34
Q

Removal of necrotic or infected tissue that interferes with wound healing

A

Wound debridement

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35
Q

When is hydrotherapy used?

A

wounds with large amount of exudate

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36
Q

Effects of wound debridement

A

Decreases bacterial concentration
Improves wound healing
Decrease spread of infection

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36
Q

It is a conservative approach of debridement that targets only dead tissues

A

Selective debridement

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37
Q

An approach of debridement that removes both healthy and unhealthy tissue from the wound bed. It is used in more severe cases.

A

Non-selective debridement

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38
Q

The most selective type of debridement that uses the body’s own enzymes to moisture, re-hydrate, soften, and liquify eschar and slough

A

Autolytic debridement

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39
Q

Examples of autolytic debridement

A

hydrogels
hydrocolloids
foams

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40
Q

Contraindications of Autolytic debridement

A

Immunosuppressed pts

41
Q

A debridement that uses scalpel, scissors, and tweezers

A

Sharp debridement

42
Q

Contraindication of Sharp debridement

A

pts taking anti-coagulants

43
Q

A type of debridement that utilizes fibrotic and proteolytic enzymes

A

Enzymatic debridement

44
Q

A type of enzymatic debridement that breaks down fibrin protein, used in glassy edematous wounds, and used in pts with venous insufficiency.

A

Elase

45
Q

A type of enzymatic debridement that is used for Eschars

A

Travase

46
Q

Wound dressing used for dry wounds

A

Wet-to-wet
Hydrogel products

47
Q

Wound dressing for minimally exudative wounds

A

wet-to-dry
hydrocolloid wafer dressing

48
Q

Wound dressing for moderate to heavy exudative wounds

A

Calcium alginate
Dry-to-dry
Collagen dressing

49
Q

Helps maintain a constant body temperature, protects body, and provides sensory information about the surrounding environment

A

Integumentary system

50
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A

Regulates body temperature
Stores blood
Protects body from external environment
Synthesizes vitamin D
Excretes and absorbs substances

51
Q

Another name for the skin

A

Cutaneous membrane

52
Q

How big is the skin?

A

2 square meters
4.5-5 kg
about 7% of the total BW

53
Q

4 principal types of cells found in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages
Tactile epithelial cells

54
Q

Layers of the epidermi

A

Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

55
Q

Type of cell that produces keratin and lamellar granules which release a water-repellant sealant that decreases water entry and loss and inhibits the entry of foreign materials

A

Keratinocytes

56
Q

A tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals

A

Keratin

57
Q

Cells that produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

58
Q

What does Melanin do?

A

Contributes to the skin color
absorbs damaging UV light

59
Q

Aka Langerhans cells

A

Intraepidermal macrophages

60
Q

Functions of Intraepidermal Macrophages

A

Helps other cells recognize an invading microbe and destroy it

61
Q

Another name for Tactile Epithelial Cells

A

Merkel cells

62
Q

Functions of Tactile Epithelial cells

A

detects touch sensations

63
Q

Characteristics of Tactile Epithelial Cells

A

least numerous of the epidermal cells

64
Q

where are Merkel cells located?

A

deeper layer of the epidermis

65
Q

Layer of the epidermis that is composed of 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes; it is the most superficial layer.

A

Stratum Corneum

66
Q

Layer of the epidermis that is only present in thick skin such as fingertips, palms, and soles. It consists of 4-6 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes

A

Stratum Lucidium

67
Q

Layer of epidermis responsible for water retention and heat regulation. It consists of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis

A

Stratum Granulosum

68
Q

The thickest epidermal layer consisting of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes

A

Stratum Spinosum

69
Q

Layer of the epidermis that contain melanocytes and enables it to regenerate.

A

Stratum Basale

70
Q

Another name for stratum basale

A

Stratum Geminativum

71
Q

More superficial layer of the dermis

A

Papillary (1/5)

72
Q

Deeper layer of the dermis

A

Reticular (4/5)

73
Q

Where are sebaceous glands located in?

A

Thin skin

74
Q

Where are Sudoriferous glands more abundant in?

A

Thick skin

75
Q

Where can hair follicles and arrector pili muscles be located?

A

Thin skin

76
Q

Part of the skin that guards openings against particles
and insects

A

Hair

77
Q

Part of the skin located deep in the dermis producing non-living hairs and wrapped in a dense connective tissue sheath.

A

Hair follicle

78
Q

Involuntary smooth muscle that causes the hair to stand up or produces “goose bumps”.

A

Arrector pili

79
Q

Accessory structure that lubricates the hair and controls bacteria

A

Sebaceous glands

80
Q

Where are free nerve endings located?

A

Epidermis and dermis

81
Q

What are the sensations detected by free nerve endings?

A

Pain
Touch
Pressure
Tickle
Itch

82
Q

Where are Merkel’s disk located?

A

Stratum spinosum

83
Q

What are the sensations detected by Merkel’s disk?

A

Light touch
Touch localization
Texture

84
Q

Where is Meissner’s corpuscle located?

A

Papillary dermis

85
Q

Sensations detected by Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Touch localization
Texture
2-pt discrimination

86
Q

Where are Ruffini’s endings and Krause end bulb located?

A

Deeper epidermis

87
Q

What sensation can Ruffini’s endings detect?

A

Warmth

88
Q

What sensation can Krause end bulb detect?

A

Cold

89
Q

Where is Pacinian corpuscle located?

A

Reticular dermis

90
Q

What sensations can Pacinian corpuscle detect?

A

Pressure and Vibration

91
Q

Tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells

A

Nails

92
Q

Visible portion of the nail

A

Nail body

93
Q

Average growth in the length of fingernails

A

1mm/wk

94
Q

May extend past the distal end of the digit that has a white appearance

A

Free edge

95
Q

Buried in a fold of skin

A

Nail root

96
Q

Whitish crescent-shaped area of the proximal end of the nail body

A

Lunula

97
Q

Secures the nail to the fingertip

A

Hyponychium

98
Q

Skin below the nail plate; extends from the lunula to the hyponychium

A

Nail bed

99
Q

Narrow band of epidermis; extends from and adheres to the margin of the nail wall

A

Eponychium

100
Q

Located proximal to the nail root

A

Nail matrix

Integ (10 decks)

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