Hepatic, Pancreatic, & Billiary Flashcards
1
Q
Common signs and symptoms of Hepatic diseases
A
Dark urine
Light stools
Skin changes
Spider angiomas
Neurologic sx
2
Q
Skin changes observed in Hepatic diseases
A
Jaundice
Pallor
Orange or green skin
3
Q
What is a common sx of a liver dse
A
Jaundice
4
Q
Jaundice is a result of an overproduction of
A
Bilirubin
5
Q
Diseases associated with overproduction of Bilirubin
A
Hemolysis
Reabsorption of Hematoma
6
Q
Diseases associated with decreased Bilirubin
A
Gilbert syndrome
Jaundice
7
Q
Diseases associated with Hepatocyte dysfunction
A
Hepatitis
Chronic Hepatic dse
8
Q
Diseases associated with Impaired Bile flow
A
Cholelithiasis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatitis
9
Q
Final common pathway of chronic, progressive inflammation of the liver
A
Cirrhosis
10
Q
Pathology of cirrhosis
A
Progressive loss of normal tissue that is replaced with fibrosis and nodular regeneration
11
Q
S/Sx of Cirrhosis
A
Fatigue
Weight loss
Jaundice
Hypoalbuminemia
12
Q
Laboratory findings in a patient with Liver Cirrhosis
A
Increased ALT, AST, LDH
Increased PT
Decreased Albumin
13
Q
An increase in the hepatic sinusoidal pressure of more than 6 mmHg
A
Portal HTN
14
Q
Other causes of portal HTN
A
Thrombus
Tumor
Infection
15
Q
Complication of Portal HTN
A
GE Varices
16
Q
Another name for Hepatic Encephalopathy
A
Portosystemic Encephalopathy
17
Q
Another name for Hepatic Encephalopathy
A
Portosystemic Encephalopathy
18
Q
Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy
A
Increased levels of Ammonia
Inflammation
19
Q
Onset of Hepatic Encephalopathy
A
Insidious
20
Q
Clinical manifestations of Hepatic E.
A
Cognitive changes
21
Q
Asymptomatic Hepatic E.
A
Grade 0
22
Q
Hepatic E. that presents with slight personality changes, short attention span, tingling, and muscular incoordination
A
Grade 1
23
Q
Hepatic E. that presents with asterixis, myoclonus and Ataxia
A
Grade 2
24
Q
Hepatic E. that presents with Hyperventilation, (+) Babinski, and Incoherent speech
A
Grade 3
25
Hepatic E. that presents with comatose
Grade 4
26
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
27
Most common cause of Ascites
Portal HTN
28
A severe complication of of advanced Cirrhosis
Hepatorenal Syndrome
29
Hepatorenal syndrome with rapid onset and prognosis. It also carries a poor short-term prognosis
Type 1 (Rapid)
30
Hepatorenal syndrome that presents with an insidious onset and slow progression.
Type 2
31
Key feature of Hepatorenal syndrome
Ascites
32
Classifications of Chronic Hepa
Chronic persistent
Chronic active
33
Causes of chronic hepa
Virus
Medications
Metabolic abnormalities
Autoimmune d/o
34
Symptoms of advanced chronic hepa
Acute exacerbation
Nausea
Weight loss
Muscle weakness
35
How to diagnose for Chronic hepa
Serologic testing
Liver biopsy
36
A rapidly progressing form of liver inflammation without prior liver dse
Fulminant Hepa (Acute Liver Failure)
37
Causes of Fulminant Hepatitis
Idiosyncratic drug reaction
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
Infections
38
former name for Hepa C
Post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis
39
Infections that may causes Fulminant Hepatitis
Hepa A & B
Epstein-Barr
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella-roster
Herpes Simplex virus
Hepatic Ischemia
40
Incubation period of HAV
15-50 days
41
Incubation period of HBV
1-6 mos
42
Incubation period of HCV
1 wk to 6 mos
43
Formerly known as infectious hepatitis
Hepatitis A
44
Transmission route for Hepa A
Fecal-oral route
45
Transmission route for Hepa B
Percutaneously or through mucosal contact
Sexual intercourse
46
transmission route for Hepa C
Injection use
46
Similar symptoms with Hepa B
Hepa D
47
Delta Virus
Hepa D
48
Previous name for Hepa E
Enteric non-A/non-B hepa
48
Transmission route for Hepa E
Fecal-oral route
49
Prevalent in African countries
Hepa G
49
Classic S/Sx of Viral Hepatitis
Malaise
Fatigue
Mild Fever
Anorexia
Diarrhea
Dark Urine
50
Secondary prevention for viral hepa
passive immunizations
travel precautions
50
Primary preventions for viral hepa
Education
Practicing safe sex
51
Tertiary prevention for viral hepa
Education for the infected
52
How is viral hepatitis diagnosed?
Serology
53
Pathogenesis of drug-related hepatotoxicity
Apoptosis
54
Dose-related causes of drug-related hepatotoxicity
Acetaminophen
ASA
Penicilin
Benzene
Vinyl chloride
55
Idiosyncratic causes of drug-related hepatotoxicity
Halothane
Phenytoin
Quinidine
Sulindac
56
Chronic progressive, inflammatory
disorder of the liver of unknown cause
Autoimmune Hepatitis
57
Prevalence of Autoimmune Hepatitis
F > M
58
Rare type of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Type 2
59
Common presenting S/Sx of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Fatigue
Anorexia
Jaundice
Myalgia
Diarrhea
60
Condition related to systemic insulin resistanc
Non-alchoholic Fatty Liver dse
61
Progressive form of Non-alchoholic Fatty Liver dse
Non-alchoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
62
Clinical manifestations of drug-related hepatotoxicity
Mild symptoms to Fulminant liver failure
Fatigue
Nausea
RUQ pain
63
S/Sx of Non-alchoholic Fatty liver dse
RUQ pain
Fatigue
Increased levels of liver enzymes
64
Chronic, progressive liver disorder with uncertai
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
65
Prevalence of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
F > M
66
Clinical manifestations of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Mostly asymptomatic
Fatigue
Pruritus
RUQ pain
67
Other S/Sx of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Hyperlipidemia
Osteopenia
Other AI dse
68
Increased blood pressure during pregnancy
Preeclampsia
69
Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
Hyperemisis Gravidum
70
S/Sx of Pregnancy-Related Liver dse
Pruritus
Nausea
Epigastric pain
Jaundice
Polyuria-polydipsia
71
Major cause of vascular dse of the liver
CHF
72
Major contributors seen in people with severe CHF
Decreased Cerebral Perfusion
Hypoxemia
Electrolyte imbalance
73
most common underlying d/o related to liver abscess
Bacterial Cholangitis
Portal Vein Bacteremia
Liver flukes
Amebiasis
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
74
Clinical manifesations of Liver Abscess
RUQ and shoulder pain
Nausea
Vomitting
Rapid wt loss
High fever
75
Serious inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
76
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis
Gallstones
77
Pancreatitis that only involves the intestitium
Interstitial Pancreatitis
78
Pancreatitis caused by the necrosis of the pancreatic tissue
Necrotizing Pancreatitis
79
Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis
Inappropriate activation of Trypsinogen within Acinar cells to the enzyme, Trypsin
80
CM of Pancreatitis
Pain
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting
81
Complications of Pancreatitis
Pancreatic fluid-filled collections
Pseudocysts
Necrosis
82
Principal cause of chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic alchohol consumption
83
Incidence of chronic Pancreatitis
Common among males aging from 35-45
84
Pathogenesis of chronic Pancreatitis
Alchohol consumption leads to the release pancreatic fluid
85
CM of chronic Pancreatitis
Weight loss
Abdominal pain
Decreased appetite
86
Occurs when stones form in the bile
Cholelisthiasis
87
Incidence of Cholelisthiasis
20-35% of people by age of 55 y/o
88
Two types of gallstones
Cholesterol stones (80%)
Bilirubin salts (20%)
89
Risk factors of Cholelisthiasis
Obesity
F>M
Pregnancy
90
Pathogenesis of Cholelisthiasis
Caused by changes in the components of bile
91
Three types of gallstones
Soft, yellow-green stones
Small, brittle black stones
Soft, mushy brown stones
92
Most common type of gallstones
Soft, yellow-green stones
93
Components of soft, yellow-green gallstones
Cholesterol supersaturation
94
Components of brittle, black gallstones
calcium bilirubinate
carbonate
phosphate
95
Components of soft, mushy brown gallstones
calcium bilirubinate
bacterial cell bodies secondary to infection
96
CM of cholelisthiasis
Abdominal pain
Pain in R SH and upper back
Nausea
Vomitting
97
Other CM of Cholelisthiasis
Heartburn
Flatulence
Belching
98
Calculi in the common bile duct
Choledocholithiasis
99
Complications of Cholelisthiasis
Choledocholithiasis
Pancreatitis
Cholangitis
100
Most common complication of gallstone disease
Cholecystitis
101
Incidence of acute Cholecystitis
Common among middle-aged men
102
Suppurative infection of the biliary tree
Acute Cholangitis
103
A stage of acute cholangitis that responds to medical therapy
Grade I
104
A stage of acute cholangitis that presents with no organ dysfunction but does not respond to medical therapy
Grade II
105
A stage of acute cholangitis that presents with at least one new organ dysfunction
Grade III
106
Charcot triad
Fever
Jaundice
RUQ pain
107
Reynold's pentad
Charcot's triad
Hypotension
Mental confusion
108
Symptoms of Acute Cholangitis
Charcot's triad
Reynold's pentad
109
Progressive destruction of intrahepatic
and extrahepatic bile ducts
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
110
S/Sx of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Fever
Anorexia
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Wt. loss
111
Severe complications of Priamry Sclerosing Cholangitis
Cirrhosis
Portal HTN
112
Complications of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Bacterial cholangitis
Steatorrhea
Malabsorption
