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Integ > Hepatic, Pancreatic, & Billiary > Flashcards

Hepatic, Pancreatic, & Billiary Flashcards

1
Q

Common signs and symptoms of Hepatic diseases

A

Dark urine
Light stools
Skin changes
Spider angiomas
Neurologic sx

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2
Q

Skin changes observed in Hepatic diseases

A

Jaundice
Pallor
Orange or green skin

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3
Q

What is a common sx of a liver dse

A

Jaundice

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4
Q

Jaundice is a result of an overproduction of

A

Bilirubin

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5
Q

Diseases associated with overproduction of Bilirubin

A

Hemolysis
Reabsorption of Hematoma

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6
Q

Diseases associated with decreased Bilirubin

A

Gilbert syndrome
Jaundice

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7
Q

Diseases associated with Hepatocyte dysfunction

A

Hepatitis
Chronic Hepatic dse

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8
Q

Diseases associated with Impaired Bile flow

A

Cholelithiasis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatitis

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9
Q

Final common pathway of chronic, progressive inflammation of the liver

A

Cirrhosis

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10
Q

Pathology of cirrhosis

A

Progressive loss of normal tissue that is replaced with fibrosis and nodular regeneration

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11
Q

S/Sx of Cirrhosis

A

Fatigue
Weight loss
Jaundice
Hypoalbuminemia

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12
Q

Laboratory findings in a patient with Liver Cirrhosis

A

Increased ALT, AST, LDH
Increased PT
Decreased Albumin

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13
Q

An increase in the hepatic sinusoidal pressure of more than 6 mmHg

A

Portal HTN

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14
Q

Other causes of portal HTN

A

Thrombus
Tumor
Infection

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15
Q

Complication of Portal HTN

A

GE Varices

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16
Q

Another name for Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Portosystemic Encephalopathy

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17
Q

Another name for Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Portosystemic Encephalopathy

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Increased levels of Ammonia
Inflammation

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19
Q

Onset of Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Insidious

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20
Q

Clinical manifestations of Hepatic E.

A

Cognitive changes

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21
Q

Asymptomatic Hepatic E.

A

Grade 0

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22
Q

Hepatic E. that presents with slight personality changes, short attention span, tingling, and muscular incoordination

A

Grade 1

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23
Q

Hepatic E. that presents with asterixis, myoclonus and Ataxia

A

Grade 2

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24
Q

Hepatic E. that presents with Hyperventilation, (+) Babinski, and Incoherent speech

A

Grade 3

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25
Q

Hepatic E. that presents with comatose

A

Grade 4

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26
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

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27
Q

Most common cause of Ascites

A

Portal HTN

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28
Q

A severe complication of of advanced Cirrhosis

A

Hepatorenal Syndrome

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29
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome with rapid onset and prognosis. It also carries a poor short-term prognosis

A

Type 1 (Rapid)

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30
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome that presents with an insidious onset and slow progression.

A

Type 2

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31
Q

Key feature of Hepatorenal syndrome

A

Ascites

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32
Q

Classifications of Chronic Hepa

A

Chronic persistent
Chronic active

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33
Q

Causes of chronic hepa

A

Virus
Medications
Metabolic abnormalities
Autoimmune d/o

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34
Q

Symptoms of advanced chronic hepa

A

Acute exacerbation
Nausea
Weight loss
Muscle weakness

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35
Q

How to diagnose for Chronic hepa

A

Serologic testing
Liver biopsy

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36
Q

A rapidly progressing form of liver inflammation without prior liver dse

A

Fulminant Hepa (Acute Liver Failure)

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37
Q

Causes of Fulminant Hepatitis

A

Idiosyncratic drug reaction
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
Infections

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38
Q

former name for Hepa C

A

Post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis

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39
Q

Infections that may causes Fulminant Hepatitis

A

Hepa A & B
Epstein-Barr
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella-roster
Herpes Simplex virus
Hepatic Ischemia

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40
Q

Incubation period of HAV

A

15-50 days

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41
Q

Incubation period of HBV

A

1-6 mos

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42
Q

Incubation period of HCV

A

1 wk to 6 mos

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43
Q

Formerly known as infectious hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A

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44
Q

Transmission route for Hepa A

A

Fecal-oral route

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45
Q

Transmission route for Hepa B

A

Percutaneously or through mucosal contact
Sexual intercourse

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46
Q

transmission route for Hepa C

A

Injection use

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46
Q

Similar symptoms with Hepa B

47
Q

Delta Virus

48
Q

Previous name for Hepa E

A

Enteric non-A/non-B hepa

48
Q

Transmission route for Hepa E

A

Fecal-oral route

49
Q

Prevalent in African countries

49
Q

Classic S/Sx of Viral Hepatitis

A

Malaise
Fatigue
Mild Fever
Anorexia
Diarrhea
Dark Urine

50
Q

Secondary prevention for viral hepa

A

passive immunizations
travel precautions

50
Q

Primary preventions for viral hepa

A

Education
Practicing safe sex

51
Q

Tertiary prevention for viral hepa

A

Education for the infected

52
Q

How is viral hepatitis diagnosed?

53
Q

Pathogenesis of drug-related hepatotoxicity

54
Q

Dose-related causes of drug-related hepatotoxicity

A

Acetaminophen
ASA
Penicilin
Benzene
Vinyl chloride

55
Q

Idiosyncratic causes of drug-related hepatotoxicity

A

Halothane
Phenytoin
Quinidine
Sulindac

56
Q

Chronic progressive, inflammatory
disorder of the liver of unknown cause

A

Autoimmune Hepatitis

57
Q

Prevalence of Autoimmune Hepatitis

58
Q

Rare type of Autoimmune Hepatitis

59
Q

Common presenting S/Sx of Autoimmune Hepatitis

A

Fatigue
Anorexia
Jaundice
Myalgia
Diarrhea

60
Q

Condition related to systemic insulin resistanc

A

Non-alchoholic Fatty Liver dse

61
Q

Progressive form of Non-alchoholic Fatty Liver dse

A

Non-alchoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

62
Q

Clinical manifestations of drug-related hepatotoxicity

A

Mild symptoms to Fulminant liver failure
Fatigue
Nausea
RUQ pain

63
Q

S/Sx of Non-alchoholic Fatty liver dse

A

RUQ pain
Fatigue
Increased levels of liver enzymes

64
Q

Chronic, progressive liver disorder with uncertai

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

65
Q

Prevalence of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

66
Q

Clinical manifestations of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Mostly asymptomatic
Fatigue
Pruritus
RUQ pain

67
Q

Other S/Sx of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Hyperlipidemia
Osteopenia
Other AI dse

68
Q

Increased blood pressure during pregnancy

A

Preeclampsia

69
Q

Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

A

Hyperemisis Gravidum

70
Q

S/Sx of Pregnancy-Related Liver dse

A

Pruritus
Nausea
Epigastric pain
Jaundice
Polyuria-polydipsia

71
Q

Major cause of vascular dse of the liver

72
Q

Major contributors seen in people with severe CHF

A

Decreased Cerebral Perfusion
Hypoxemia
Electrolyte imbalance

73
Q

most common underlying d/o related to liver abscess

A

Bacterial Cholangitis
Portal Vein Bacteremia
Liver flukes
Amebiasis
Klebsiella Pneumoniae

74
Q

Clinical manifesations of Liver Abscess

A

RUQ and shoulder pain
Nausea
Vomitting
Rapid wt loss
High fever

75
Q

Serious inflammation of the pancreas

A

Pancreatitis

76
Q

Most common cause of acute pancreatitis

A

Gallstones

77
Q

Pancreatitis that only involves the intestitium

A

Interstitial Pancreatitis

78
Q

Pancreatitis caused by the necrosis of the pancreatic tissue

A

Necrotizing Pancreatitis

79
Q

Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis

A

Inappropriate activation of Trypsinogen within Acinar cells to the enzyme, Trypsin

80
Q

CM of Pancreatitis

A

Pain
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting

81
Q

Complications of Pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic fluid-filled collections
Pseudocysts
Necrosis

82
Q

Principal cause of chronic Pancreatitis

A

Chronic alchohol consumption

83
Q

Incidence of chronic Pancreatitis

A

Common among males aging from 35-45

84
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic Pancreatitis

A

Alchohol consumption leads to the release pancreatic fluid

85
Q

CM of chronic Pancreatitis

A

Weight loss
Abdominal pain
Decreased appetite

86
Q

Occurs when stones form in the bile

A

Cholelisthiasis

87
Q

Incidence of Cholelisthiasis

A

20-35% of people by age of 55 y/o

88
Q

Two types of gallstones

A

Cholesterol stones (80%)
Bilirubin salts (20%)

89
Q

Risk factors of Cholelisthiasis

A

Obesity
F>M
Pregnancy

90
Q

Pathogenesis of Cholelisthiasis

A

Caused by changes in the components of bile

91
Q

Three types of gallstones

A

Soft, yellow-green stones
Small, brittle black stones
Soft, mushy brown stones

92
Q

Most common type of gallstones

A

Soft, yellow-green stones

93
Q

Components of soft, yellow-green gallstones

A

Cholesterol supersaturation

94
Q

Components of brittle, black gallstones

A

calcium bilirubinate
carbonate
phosphate

95
Q

Components of soft, mushy brown gallstones

A

calcium bilirubinate
bacterial cell bodies secondary to infection

96
Q

CM of cholelisthiasis

A

Abdominal pain
Pain in R SH and upper back
Nausea
Vomitting

97
Q

Other CM of Cholelisthiasis

A

Heartburn
Flatulence
Belching

98
Q

Calculi in the common bile duct

A

Choledocholithiasis

99
Q

Complications of Cholelisthiasis

A

Choledocholithiasis
Pancreatitis
Cholangitis

100
Q

Most common complication of gallstone disease

A

Cholecystitis

101
Q

Incidence of acute Cholecystitis

A

Common among middle-aged men

102
Q

Suppurative infection of the biliary tree

A

Acute Cholangitis

103
Q

A stage of acute cholangitis that responds to medical therapy

104
Q

A stage of acute cholangitis that presents with no organ dysfunction but does not respond to medical therapy

105
Q

A stage of acute cholangitis that presents with at least one new organ dysfunction

106
Q

Charcot triad

A

Fever
Jaundice
RUQ pain

107
Q

Reynold’s pentad

A

Charcot’s triad
Hypotension
Mental confusion

108
Q

Symptoms of Acute Cholangitis

A

Charcot’s triad
Reynold’s pentad

109
Q

Progressive destruction of intrahepatic
and extrahepatic bile ducts

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

110
Q

S/Sx of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Fever
Anorexia
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Wt. loss

111
Q

Severe complications of Priamry Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Cirrhosis
Portal HTN

112
Q

Complications of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Bacterial cholangitis
Steatorrhea
Malabsorption

Integ (10 decks)

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