UK Challenges

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

Large scale capital intensive farming run by multinational businesses

Question 2

Green belt

Answer 2

A ring of countryside to prevent urban sprawl

Question 3

Greenfield site

Answer 3

Expanding housing in to green belt land

Question 4

Brownfield site

Answer 4

Building houses on old industrial sites

Question 5

2 key pressures on UK ecosystems

Answer 5

*Increased population, increases food demand, increased agribusiness, reduces natural habitats
*Demand for housing, need for greenfield sites, destroys open spaces and habitats

Question 6

Unsustainable transport

Answer 6

Moving people and goods using non renewable energy that cause pollution

Question 7

Sustainable transport

Answer 7

Moving people and goods with renewable energy that doesn’t limit future choices

Question 8

2 challenges of relying on fossil fuel transport

Answer 8

-Global warming
-Local air pollution affecting health

Question 9

Solutions to transport issues

Answer 9

*Encouraging cycling with cycling routes, less pollution
*ULEZ- ultra low emission zone, charges polluting vehicles, less pollution but unfair to poorer people
*Encourages car sharing, reduces fuel used and pollution

Question 10

Two speed economy

Answer 10

One part of the country is growing more quickly than another part e.g South East

Question 11

Factors of two-speed economy
Around capital?
Effect on South East?
Effect on North West?

Answer 11

-Large construction projects around capital
-People move for work, brain drain
-Increases population and house prices
-Slower development in North and West

Question 12

Solution to two-speed economy

Answer 12

-HS2 between London and northern cities
-Workers and people can travel across the North to jobs & airports

Question 13

Problems with HS2

Answer 13

-Very expensive
-Destroys countryside
-Now not as helpful

Question 14

Building on greenfield sites
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

Answer 14

Ads- healthier environment, cheaper and faster to build houses
Dis- disturbs wildlife and habitats, valuable farm land lost

Question 15

Building on brownfield sites
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

Answer 15

Ads- Gas and water already in place, reduces loss of countryside
Dis- Higher levels of pollution, more expensive to clear buildings and pollutants

Question 16

Immigration

Answer 16

Moving into a country to live there

Question 17

Emigration

Answer 17

Moving out of a country to live in another

Question 18

Net migration

Answer 18

Number of people entering a country minus number of people leaving it

Question 19

Economic migrants

Answer 19

Moving from one area to another to find work or better standard of living

Question 20

Labour market

Answer 20

Availability of workers versus the demand for workers

Question 21

Net migration in UK
Positive or negative?
Population growth percentage?

Answer 21

Positive
50%

Question 22

3 reasons migration statistics aren’t accurate

Answer 22

Don’t include travellers on holiday
Don’t include people entering UK illegally
Don’t include people who left UK

Question 23

Positive net migration
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

Answer 23

Ad- More workers & taxes paid, improves multicultural aspects of society
Dis- Overcrowding, job competition, pressure on services

Question 24

Different stakeholders views on immigration?

Answer 24

Businesses & government–>offers increase in workers who pay taxes, help economy
Some political parties–>economic migrants take jobs from British workers
Others–>good for multicultural aspects

Question 25

National parks in UK
How many?
Their aim?

Answer 25

15
Protect the countryside, wildlife and habitats

Question 26

2 strategies in a National Park Plan

Answer 26

-Encourage transport with less CO2 emissions
-Convert farm buildings to business premises

Question 27

3 reasons flooding is an increased risk

Answer 27

-Increased population, more people affected
-Change in land use, more impermeable surfaces, surface runoff
-Climate change, more extreme rainfall

Question 28

UK flooding
Properties at risk?
Managing agency?

Answer 28

330,000
Environment Agency

Question 29

How can floods be made…
Less likely?
Less serious?

Answer 29

Build flood defences, manage rivers
Help people prepare, give flood warnings

Question 30

Where are Somerset Levels?
When did flooding occur?
Why is it prone to flood

Answer 30

South-west England
2013/2014
Low lying and close to several rivers

Question 31

Why was the Somerset Levels floods so severe?
What has now been done to reduce risk?

Answer 31

Were little flood defences, farmers potentially clogged drainage channels
River Tone diverted to embankment channels

Question 32

When is coastal flooding more likely?

Answer 32

Sea levels higher than normal, overwhelm coastal defences

Question 33

Storm surges in 2013
Where?
Methods?
Homes protected?

Answer 33

East England and Scotland
Warnings & information to people, evacuations, barriers in London
800,000 homes claimed

Question 34

Local scale ways to reduce climate change
Disadvantage?

Answer 34

-walking and cycling
-locally produced food
-insulation prevent heat loss
-solar panels
Positive impact, not for everyone, expensive

Question 35

National scale ways to reduce climate change
Disadvantage?

Answer 35

-government campaigns to encourage recycling
-limit carbon emissions from industry
-stopping urban sprawl
Economic growth needs resources, hard to balance the two

Question 36

International ways to reduce climate change
Disadvantage?

Answer 36

-Cooperation between different governments
Hard to balance need for economic development & environment conservation

Question 37

Climate change affecting UK’s climate

Answer 37

-Temperature increase, in summer by 3-5 degrees
-More frequent and extreme precipitation
-Wetter winters, drier summers

Question 38

Climate change affecting the UK

Answer 38

-Increased flash floods, droughts, heat waves, water insecurity
-Plant and animal extinction, changes natural vegetation
-Droughts can affect imported food supply