Coastal Landscapes and Processes

Question 1

3 Types of weathering

Answer 1

Mechanical (freeze-thaw)
Chemical (acid rain)
Biological

Question 2

4 Types of Erosion

Answer 2

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Question 3

3 Types of mass movement

Answer 3

Slumping
Sliding
Rock falls

Question 4

4 Types of transportation

Answer 4

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

Question 5

Fetch

Answer 5

The distance of open water the wave has travelled

Question 6

Constructive wave characteristics

Answer 6

-Lower height
-Less energy
-Less frequent
-Strong swash, weak backwash

Question 7

Destructive wave characteristics

Answer 7

-Taller height
-More energy
-More frequent
-Weak swash, strong backwash

Question 8

Discordant coast definition

Answer 8

Bands of different types of rock perpendicular to the coastline

Question 9

Concordant coastline definition

Answer 9

Bands of different types of rock parallel to the coastline

Question 10

Joint

Answer 10

Vertical crack caused by sediment drying out or stress on the rock

Question 11

Fault

Answer 11

Formed by stress or pressure on rock causing joint to move

Question 12

3 Ways UK climate affects coastline

Answer 12

Storms, seasonality, prevailing wind direction

Question 13

2 Coastal deposition landforms

Answer 13

Spits and bars

Question 14

Spit definition

Answer 14

Long and narrow ridge of sediment with one end attached to land and the other sticking out into the sea

Question 15

Bar definition

Answer 15

Ridge of sediment across the entrance of a bay or river mouth

Question 16

4 Ways humans use the coast

Answer 16

Urbanisation
Tourism
Industry
Agriculture

Question 17

Hard engineering definition

Answer 17

Man-made structures designed to stop erosion

Question 18

Soft engineering definiton

Answer 18

Sustainable, natural methods to reduce the rate of erosion

Question 19

4 Types of hard engineering

Answer 19

Sea wall
Groynes
Rock armour
Gabions

Question 20

Sea wall
Def, ad, dis

Answer 20

Concrete wall built at the foot of the cliff
Ad- effective, provides walkway
Dis- expensive, unnatural

Question 21

Rock armour
Def, ad, dis

Answer 21

Large boulders placed at foot of the cliff
Ad- easy to maintain, quick to install
Dis- high transportation costs, doesn’t fit in natural landscape

Question 22

Groynes
Def, ad, dis

Answer 22

Structures built at right angles to coast
Ad- quick to build, bigger beaches
Dis- unsightly, have further impacts down coast

Question 23

Gabions
Def, ad, dis

Answer 23

Rocks in mesh cages
Ad- absorbs wave energy, cheap
Dis- unnatural, not very strong

Question 24

3 Types of soft engineering

Answer 24

Beach replenishment, dune stabilisation, managed retreat

Question 25

Beach replenishment
Def, ad, dis

Answer 25

Sand added to a beach to make it wider
Ad- attracts tourists, cheap to maintain
Dis- causes disruption to beach users, needs constant maintenance

Question 26

Dune stabilisation
Def, ad, dis

Answer 26

Planting shrubs and bushes to stabilise dunes
Ad- natural, cheap
Dis- takes time to grow, areas are fenced off

Question 27

Managed retreat
Def, ad, dis

Answer 27

Controlled flooding of coastal areas
Ad- cheap, provides habitats for animals
Dis- owners need compensation, land is lost